Female Genital Tract Flashcards
What is the primary modality for imaging the female genital tract?
Ultrasound
Using transabdominal, tranvaginal, and Doppler techniques.
This is a pear-shaped muscular organ located between the bladder and rectum.
The uterus
The anterior and posterior surfaces of the uterus are covered by peritoneum, the folds of which extend laterally to the pelvic sidewalls forming what ligament?
Broad ligament
A _______ of extraperitoneal space is present between the lower uterus and bladder.
“Bare area”
This is an important area for the direct spread of tumor from one organ to the other.
The uterus, cervix, and the upper one-third of the vagina are derived from ________.
Müllerian ducts
Whereas the lower two-thirds of the vagina arise from the urogenital sinus.
This refers to the connective tissue adjacent to the uterus between the folds of the broad ligament and adjacent to the vagina.
Parametrium
Uterine vessels and lymphatics pass through the parametrium.
It is that portion that extends cephalad from the origin of the fallopian tube. What part of the uterus?
Fundus
It is a cylindrical in shape and is 3 to 4 cm in length.
Its lower portion, including the external is, protrudes into the vagina and is surrounded by the vaginal fornices.
Cervix
The ureter pass how many cm lateral to the supravaginal portion of the cervix?
2 cm
Ovaries vary in size and appearance depending on the woman’s age, hormonal status, and stage of the menstrual cycle.
The adult ovary is oval with a maximal dimension of how many cm?
5 x 3 x 2 cm
What is the maximum ovarian volume?
9 cc before menarche
22 cc in menstruating women
6 cc in post menopausal women
When the uterus is retroverted, the ovaries are located where?
Anterior or lateral to the uterus
This is primarily use for the evaluation of infertility to demonstrate the morphology and patency of the uterine canal and fallopian tubes.
Hysterosalphingography (HSG)
The normal fallopian tubes are how many cm in length? Extending from the cornua of the uterus.
10 to 12 cm in length
The lumen is thread like (1 to 2 mm) until it reaches the ampulla where it expands to 5 to 10 mm and rugal folds become visible.
The innermost myometrium, called _______, may appear as thin hypoechoic layer adjacent to the echogenic endometrial stripe.
Junctional zone
What are the maximum normal uterine dimensions in the adult woman?
9 cm in length, 6 cm in width, and 4 cm in anteroposterior diameter.
Following menopause, the uterus atrophied to approximately 6 x 2 x 2 cm.
The prepubertal, infantile, uterus is cigar shaped.
The ______ makes up about one-length of the uterus in the adult woman and about two-thirds of the length of the uterus in the prepubertal girl.
Cervix
Most common position of the uterus is the pelvis.
Anteverted
At the end of menstruation, the endometrium is discrete and thin, measuring how many mm?
2 to 3 mm.
During this phase, the endometrium assumes a three-line appearance 4 to 8 mm thick.
Proliferation phase
The three lines, during the proliferative phase, are formed by what structures?
The three lines are formed by the anterior and posterior basal endometrium and the echogenic stripe that marks the uterine cavity.
Measurement of the endometrial thickness is defined by the added thickness of the anterior and posterior endometrium. Any fluid or blood within the uterine cavity excluded.
At midcycle, the endometrium normally measures how many mm in double-layer thickness?
8 to 10 mm
From ovulation to menstruation through the __________ phase, the endometrium progressively thickens up to 14 mm and becomes more uniformly echogenic.
Secretory phase
This appears as a hypoechoic halo surrounding the bright endometrium.
The junction zone myometrium
Following menstruation, the ovaries are their smallest, with the follicles measuring how many mm?
Measuring less than 5 mm
During the estrogen phase, follicles enlarge to how many mm in size?
10 to 1 5 mm size
With one dominant follicle attaining 20 to 30 mm size by midcycle
Rupture of the dominant follicles releases the ovum and the ______ forms at the site f the dominant follicle.
Corpus luteum
______ ovaries atrophic, lack follicles, and are often difficult to visualize.
Postmenopausal ovaries
Mean ovarian volume decreases from 8 cc at age 40 to 44 years to less than 1.0 cc at age 70 years.
Maximum ovarian volume in a postmenopausal woman is 6 cc.
In infants up to 24 months of age, the ovaries are small with a mean volume of how many cc?
1 cc
Maximum volume of 3 cc
