Female Genital Tract

Question 1

What is the primary modality for imaging the female genital tract?

Answer 1

Ultrasound

Using transabdominal, tranvaginal, and Doppler techniques.

Question 2

This is a pear-shaped muscular organ located between the bladder and rectum.

Answer 2

The uterus

Question 3

The anterior and posterior surfaces of the uterus are covered by peritoneum, the folds of which extend laterally to the pelvic sidewalls forming what ligament?

Answer 3

Broad ligament

Question 4

A _______ of extraperitoneal space is present between the lower uterus and bladder.

Answer 4

“Bare area”

This is an important area for the direct spread of tumor from one organ to the other.

Question 5

The uterus, cervix, and the upper one-third of the vagina are derived from ________.

Answer 5

Müllerian ducts

Whereas the lower two-thirds of the vagina arise from the urogenital sinus.

Question 6

This refers to the connective tissue adjacent to the uterus between the folds of the broad ligament and adjacent to the vagina.

Answer 6

Parametrium

Uterine vessels and lymphatics pass through the parametrium.

Question 7

It is that portion that extends cephalad from the origin of the fallopian tube. What part of the uterus?

Answer 7

Fundus

Question 8

It is a cylindrical in shape and is 3 to 4 cm in length.

Its lower portion, including the external is, protrudes into the vagina and is surrounded by the vaginal fornices.

Answer 8

Cervix

Question 9

The ureter pass how many cm lateral to the supravaginal portion of the cervix?

Answer 9

2 cm

Question 10

Ovaries vary in size and appearance depending on the woman’s age, hormonal status, and stage of the menstrual cycle.

The adult ovary is oval with a maximal dimension of how many cm?

Answer 10

5 x 3 x 2 cm

Question 11

What is the maximum ovarian volume?

Answer 11

9 cc before menarche

22 cc in menstruating women

6 cc in post menopausal women

Question 12

When the uterus is retroverted, the ovaries are located where?

Answer 12

Anterior or lateral to the uterus

Question 13

This is primarily use for the evaluation of infertility to demonstrate the morphology and patency of the uterine canal and fallopian tubes.

Answer 13

Hysterosalphingography (HSG)

Question 14

The normal fallopian tubes are how many cm in length? Extending from the cornua of the uterus.

Answer 14

10 to 12 cm in length

The lumen is thread like (1 to 2 mm) until it reaches the ampulla where it expands to 5 to 10 mm and rugal folds become visible.

Question 15

The innermost myometrium, called _______, may appear as thin hypoechoic layer adjacent to the echogenic endometrial stripe.

Answer 15

Junctional zone

Question 16

What are the maximum normal uterine dimensions in the adult woman?

Answer 16

9 cm in length, 6 cm in width, and 4 cm in anteroposterior diameter.

Following menopause, the uterus atrophied to approximately 6 x 2 x 2 cm.

The prepubertal, infantile, uterus is cigar shaped.

Question 17

The ______ makes up about one-length of the uterus in the adult woman and about two-thirds of the length of the uterus in the prepubertal girl.

Answer 17

Cervix

Question 18

Most common position of the uterus is the pelvis.

Answer 18

Anteverted

Question 19

At the end of menstruation, the endometrium is discrete and thin, measuring how many mm?

Answer 19

2 to 3 mm.

Question 20

During this phase, the endometrium assumes a three-line appearance 4 to 8 mm thick.

Answer 20

Proliferation phase

Question 21

The three lines, during the proliferative phase, are formed by what structures?

Answer 21

The three lines are formed by the anterior and posterior basal endometrium and the echogenic stripe that marks the uterine cavity.

Measurement of the endometrial thickness is defined by the added thickness of the anterior and posterior endometrium. Any fluid or blood within the uterine cavity excluded.

Question 22

At midcycle, the endometrium normally measures how many mm in double-layer thickness?

Answer 22

8 to 10 mm

Question 23

From ovulation to menstruation through the __________ phase, the endometrium progressively thickens up to 14 mm and becomes more uniformly echogenic.

Answer 23

Secretory phase

Question 24

This appears as a hypoechoic halo surrounding the bright endometrium.

Answer 24

The junction zone myometrium

Question 25

Following menstruation, the ovaries are their smallest, with the follicles measuring how many mm?

Answer 25

Measuring less than 5 mm

Question 26

During the estrogen phase, follicles enlarge to how many mm in size?

Answer 26

10 to 1 5 mm size

With one dominant follicle attaining 20 to 30 mm size by midcycle

Question 27

Rupture of the dominant follicles releases the ovum and the ______ forms at the site f the dominant follicle.

Answer 27

Corpus luteum

Question 28

______ ovaries atrophic, lack follicles, and are often difficult to visualize.

Answer 28

Postmenopausal ovaries

Mean ovarian volume decreases from 8 cc at age 40 to 44 years to less than 1.0 cc at age 70 years.

Maximum ovarian volume in a postmenopausal woman is 6 cc.

Question 29

In infants up to 24 months of age, the ovaries are small with a mean volume of how many cc?

Answer 29

1 cc

Maximum volume of 3 cc