Female Genital Tract Flashcards
What body parts are commonly affected by genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection?
vulva, vagina, or cervix
what are the two serotypes of HSV viruses?
HSV-1 and HSV-2
HSV-1 typically results in?
perioral infection
HSV-2 typically involves?
genital mucosa and skin
By 40 years of age, what percentage of females are seropositive for antibodies against HSV-2?
30%
Genital herpes typically develops within?
3-7 days after transmission
What are the systemic symptoms associated with genital herpes?
fever, malaise, and tender inguinal lymph nodes
genital herpes: lesions typically consist of?
red papules that progress to vesicles and then to painful coalescent ulcers
genital herpes: lesions are easily visible on?
vulvar skin and mucosa
genital herpes: cervical and vaginal lesions are present with?
purulent discharge and pelvic pain
What antiviral agents are used to shorten the length of the initial and recurrent symptomatic phases of genital HSV infection?
acyclovir or famciclovir
Diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is based on?
identification of nuclear atypia
nuclear atypia is characterized by (CHEV)?
coarse creatine granules, hyperchromasia (darkening of nucleus), enlarged nucleus, hyperchromasia (darkening of nucleus), and variation in nuclear size and shape
two-tier CIN classification: CIN I
mild dysplasia
two-tier CIN classification: CIN II
moderate dysplasia
two-tier CIN classification: CIN III
severe dysplasia
Three-tier CIN classification: CIN I
low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)
Three-tier classification of CIN: CIN II and III
high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)
nuclear alterations associated with perinuclear halos are termed?
koilocytic atypia
If immature squamous cells are confined to the lower 1/3 of the epithelium, the lesion is called?
LSIL
If immature squamous cells expand to the upper 2/3 of the epithelium, the lesion is called?
HSIL
The highest viral loads of HPV in LSIL are found in?
maturing keratinocytes in the upper half of the epithelium
What is the most common type of of HPV in LSIL and HSIL?
Human papillomavirus-16
More than _% of LSILs and _% of HSILs are associated with high-risk HPVs.
80; 100
HSIL is considered to be at high risk for progression to?
carcinoma
Percentage of LSIL that regress
60%
Percentage of LSIL that persists
30%
Percentage of LSIL that progress to HSIL
10%
Percentage of HSIL that regress
30%
Percentage of HSIl that persists
60%
Percentage of HSIL that progress to carcinoma
10%
Progression rate of HSIL to carcinoma is?
2 to 10 years
The ability of HPV to act as a carcinogen depends on what viral proteins?
E6 and E7 proteins
What do the viral proteins E6 and E7 do?
They interfere with the acitivty of the key tumor supressor proteins, p53 and RB
Color of stain for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 which characterizes high-risk HPV infections?
brown staining
What is the fourth most common cancer in women?
cervical carcinoma
How many high-risk HPVs are identified in cervical carcinoma?
15
