Female and Male reproductive anatomy 2016

Question 1

The vagina is supported by the pubovaginalis part of the

Answer 1

levator ani muscle

Question 2

The female urethra begins at ______ and passes through

Answer 2

the internal orifice of the bladder and passes through the external urethral sphincter, perineal membrane then through the perineum and vestibule

Question 3

The superior part of the vagina surround the

Answer 3

cervix of the uterus

Question 4

Culdoscopy

Answer 4

To examine the uterine tubes or ovaries

Question 5

Culdocentesis

Answer 5

To aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch

Question 6

The ureter passes inferior to the ____ artery along the lateral sides of the ____

Answer 6

The ureter passes inferior to the uterine artery along the lateral sides of the uterus

Question 7

The uterine arteries enter the sides of the uterus through

Answer 7

the broad ligament

Question 8

What are the three layers of the uterus

Answer 8

• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium

Question 9

The fundus fo the uterus is normally ____ and ___

Answer 9

anteverted and anteflexed

Question 10

If the uterus is not anteverted and antiflexed, increased intra-abdominal pressure can

Answer 10

• push the uterus inferiorly
• Contributes to prolapse of the uterus

Question 11

The _____ of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneum that “drapes” over the uterus and associated structures

Answer 11

broad ligament

Question 12

The broad ligament also encloses the ____ ligament of the uterus as it extends from anterior-lateral part of the uterus to the deep inguinal ring

Answer 12

round

Question 13

_______ are condensations of endopelvic fascia that support the uterus. They attach to the lateral sides fo the uterus and vagina. The uterine vessels and nerves run through (or along) them

Answer 13

Transverse cervical ligaments

Question 14

_______ are condensations of endopelvic fascia that extend from sides of the cervix to the sacrum

Answer 14

Uterosacral ligaments

Question 15

While the ligaments help support the uterus, the _____ and the _____ are extremely important in preventing prolapse of pelvic structures

Answer 15

levator ani muscle and the perineal body

Question 16

The ovaries are suspended form the lateral pelvic wall by the suspensory ligaments of the ovary which contains

Answer 16

ovarian arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics

Question 17

The inferior part of the vagina is innervated by somatic branches form the

Answer 17

internal pudenal nerve

Question 18

The middle and superior parts of the vagina and uterus are innervated by

Answer 18

• Visceral nerves
  
  • Uterovaginal plexus (part of the pelvic plexus)
  • Sympathetics from lumbar splanchnics
  • Parasympathetics from pelvic splanchnic S2,S3,S4 (motor to the uterus and vagina)

Question 19

Spinal blocks is an anesthetic agent that is injected into the subarachnoid space between ___ and ___. and Produces

Answer 19

• L3 and L4
• Produces complete anesthesia below the waist. Uterine contractions cannot be felt

Question 20

Peripheral nerve blocks (Pudenal block)

Answer 20

• Allows sensation of uterine contractions
• blocks S2, S3, and S4 dermatomes and the inferior part of the vagina
• Sacrospinous ligament is the landmark
• an ilioinguinal block must also be performed to abolish sensation in the anterior vulva
• The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (perineal branches) may also need to be anesthetized

Question 21

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 21

• Superior to perineal membrane, embedded within spincter urethrae (external urethral sphincter)
• Open into spongy urethra
• Mucus-like secretions lumbricate the urethra

Question 22

Lymphatics of the male pelvis

Answer 22

• Prostate drains primarily to internal iliac nodes
• bladder drains to primarily external iliac nodes
• perineal structures drain primarily to superificial inguinal nodes