Female Anatomy

Question 1

What is the ‘normal’ position of uterus?

Answer 1

80% anteverted

Question 2

Describe the fallopian tube

Answer 2

Fallopian tube is 10cm long: isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum with fimbriae
Ampulla is where fertilisation takes place.

Question 3

How are ovaries attached to the broad ligament?

Answer 3

Attached to the posterior surface of the broad ligament by the mesovarium

Question 4

What lies very close to the ovaries?

Answer 4

Ovaries are found at the division of the common iliac artery and the ureters run immediately beneath.

Question 5

Where is the ovarian ligament?

Answer 5

Fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus

Question 6

Where is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

Answer 6

A fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis.
Contains ovarian artery and vein

Question 7

Where is the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 7

Originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. The round ligament enters the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora where its fibres spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis.

Question 8

Define levator ani

Answer 8

The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on either side of the pelvis. It is formed from three muscle components: the puborectalis, the pubococcygeus muscle (which includes the puborectalis) and the iliococcygeus muscle.
In females the inner most muscle is the sphincter vagina

Question 9

Name imporatant pelvic muscles that aren’t the levator ani

Answer 9

Obturator internus
Piriformis
Coccygeus

Question 10

Name the structures that support the upper uterus

Answer 10

Round ligament

Broad ligament anteverted

Question 11

Name the structures that support the middle uterus

Answer 11

Transverse ligament
Pubocervical
Uterosacral

Question 12

Name the structures that support the lower uterus

Answer 12

Levator ani
Coccygeus
Perineal body

Question 13

What leads to uterovaginal prolapse?

Answer 13

Defects and weakening due to fascial tearing and denervation after surgery and partuition
Leads to prolapse and urinary incontinence

Question 14

Describe route of ureters

Answer 14

Ureters are retroperitoneal structures, entering the pelvis in base of ovarian fossa. They run above the levator ani in the base of the broad ligament and insert into the bladder posterolaterally. ->can be injured in hysterectomy.

Question 15

Name the 3 layers of the bladder

Answer 15

Serous peritoneum, detrusor muscle and transitional epithelium

Question 16

Blood supply of bladder?

Answer 16

Internal iliac artery branches

Question 17

Blood supply of rectum?

Answer 17

Rectum is supplied by:
inferior mesenteric artery-> superior rectal a.
Internal iliac ->middle rectal a.
Pudendal->inferior rectal a.

Question 18

Blood supply of vagina?

Answer 18

Internal pudendal artery

Vaginal branch of uterine artery (from internal iliac)

Question 19

Blood supply of ovaries?

Answer 19

Ovarian artery from abdominal aorta

Found within suspensory ligament of ovary