Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive System > Female > Flashcards

Female Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of suspensory ligaments?

A

Hold ovaries to lateral pelvic wall

carry vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is th function of the ovaries

A

produce gametes - oocyte

produce hormones - oestradiol and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why might ovariea appear scarred and pitted?

A

Due to ovulation once amonth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What epithelium lines the ovary?

A

Simple cuboidal/squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the structured layers of the ovary

A

Germinal Epithelium
Tunica Albuginea
Ovarian cortex
Ovarian medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where in the ovary would you find follicles?

A

Ovarian cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between follicular cells and granulosa cells?

A

Follicular cells - single layer of follicle cells

Granulosa cells - multiple layers of follicle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the appearance of a graafian follicle

A

This is a matire follicle and is large with a fluid-filled antrum. Ready to rupture and expel secondary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to the graafian follicle after ovulation?

A

Turns into corpus luteum - produces progesterone, oestrogen and inhibin until it degeneates into fibrous scar tissue known as the corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two peritoneal puches in a female?

A

Rectouterine pouch of Douglas - between uterus and uterine

Uterovesical pouch - between uterus and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where in the uterine tubes does fertilisation occur?

A

ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What feature of the uterine tube may lead to increased risk of peritoneal cavity infection

A

Not conected to ovary so diret route from vagina to peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long are the uterin tubes?

A

13cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What epithelium lines the uterine tubes?

A

Ciliated columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

From where does the uterine artery originate?

A

Internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the structure of the uterine wall

A
  • Perimetrium - coovers bladder and rectum and laterally becomes broad ligament
  • Myometrium - muscular layer (long-circular-long)
  • Endometrium - highly vascularised
  • Stratum Basalis
  • Stratum functionalis - lines uterine cavity and sheds durign menstruation
17
Q

What epithelium lines the vagina?

A

non-keratinised stratified epithelium

18
Q

How are steroid hormones produced? Where?

A

Enzymatic modification of cholesterol mainly in SER and mitochondria

19
Q

What are the different forms of oestrogen, where are they produced and what is their function?

A
  • Oestrone - secreted directly from ovary or converted from androstenedione
  • Oestradiol - directly synthesised in developign follicle or converted from oestradione

Development of female secondary sex characteristics

20
Q

Where in females are androgens produced?

A

Ovary produces androstenediol, DHEA and small amount of testosterone but the adrenal glands are them main location of female androgens

21
Q

Where are progetogens produced?

A

Corpus luteum
adrenal glands
placenta during pregnancy

From cholecterol via pregnenolone

22
Q

What is the function of progestogens?

A

Develop endometrium
Develop mammary glands
Maintain pregnancy through placenta development

23
Q

Explain the HPO axis

A

GnRH from hypothalamus causes release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary. These cause the ovary to produce oestrogen and progesterone which have a negative feedback input on anterior pituitary, along with inhibin

24
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Initiates follicle recruitment

Supports growth, especially of granulosa cells

25
Q

What is the function of LH

A

Supports Theca cells

Surge causes ovulation

26
Q

Describe the Follicular changes within the ovarian cycle

A

DAYS 1-14: This is the pre-ovulatory phase where there is growth of the dominant follicle. The primordial follicle develops into a primary follicle whilst th epre-granulosa cells develop into granulosa cells and surround the oocyte. Stromal cells are recruited which develop into theca cells and surround the follicle. As the theca develops, the folicle is given an independent blood supply whilst the granulosa cells develops FSH, oestrogen and androgen receptors. The recruited follicles increase oestradiol production, increasing FSH and LH production but inhibiting release, allowing exponential increase in oestrogens.
DAY 14: High oestradiol levels trigger LH secretion which due to build up results in the LH surge, stimulating breakdown of follicle wall - ovulation
DAYS 14-28: This is the post-ovulatory phase where the corpus luteum develops, secretign progesterone. If implantation occurs, the corpus luteum remains as supported by HCG. But if no implantation, it degrades away, reducing prgesterone levels - cause endometrial lining to shed due to leukocyte infiltration causing restriction and breakdown of spiral arteries

27
Q

Draw and explain ‘the menstrual cycle graph’

A

-

28
Q

When does oogenesis begin

A

before females are born

29
Q

Describe the process of oogenesis

A
  1. Primordial germ cells undergo mitosis prenatally, producign primary oocyte after an intermediate stage of oogonia
  2. The primary oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division, arresting in prophase, staying here until first menstrual cycle. They are located within primordial follicles
  3. The primordial follicles develop into primary follicles, with the primary oocytes surrounded by granulosa cells. As this develops, zona pellucida forms
  4. At puberty, first meiotic division continues, producing a diploid secondary oocyte and the first polar body (dies due to decreased cytoplasm). This enters meiosis II and stops in metaphase
  5. Upon fertilisation, meiosis II is completed, producing an ovum and a second polar body
30
Q

What is the function of polar body production in oogenesis?

A

They cant survive due to insufficient cytoplasm but allow for half replicated DNA to arrest

31
Q

What is polycystic Ovarian Syndrome?

A

Due to LH and FSH being out of balance as a result of hormone excess, there is no negative feedback, resulting in continuous oestrogen and androgen production. This causes infertlity, amenorrhea, weight gain, hirsutism and acne

32
Q

What syndromes are caused from hormone deficiency?

A 
Hypogonadism
Turners
Klinefelters
Kallmans (GnRH deficiency)
Hypopituitarism
33
Q

How does the contraceptive pill work?

A

Oestrogen and Progesteroen selectively inhibit pituitary function by prevent LH production, and therefore inhibiting ovulation

Reproductive System (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions