Female Flashcards
Body of Uterus - the Superior 2/3 is made of what? (3)
Fundus
Isthmus
Uterine Horns
The Cervix makes up the lower 1/3 of what?
Uterus
The superior hypogastric plexus is found where and contains what type of fibres
In front of sacral promontory and contains sympathetic fibres
The inferior hypogastric plexus is found where?
Either side of rectum and base of bladder
Sympathetic nerves in fibres does what?
Inhibits peristalsis
Mammary crests or ridges of breast appear when
4th Week
2/3rds of breast rests on
Pectoralis Major
1/3rd of breast rests on
Serrates Anterior
The breast is attached to dermis by
Suspensory Ligament of Cooper
Each lobule in breast is drained by
Lactiferous Duct
The dilated portion of breast is called
Lactiferous Sinus
What type of connective tissue does Breast nipple have?
Dense Connective Tissue
Type of gland in Breast Areola
Sebaceous Gland
The Axillary tail of breast is found in what quadrant
Supero-Lateral Quadrant
What is polymastia
extra breast
What is polythelia
extra nipple
what is aphelia or amastia
absence of nipple or breast
nerves of breast
ant and lat cutaneous branches of 4th-6th IC nerves
75% of breast lymph goes to
axillary lymph nodes
first draining node in breast cancer
sentinel lymph node
Types of cell in normal breast histology (2)
Luminal Epithelial
Myoepithelial
Milk production is done by what hormones
Prolactin
Oxytoxcin
What nerve passes through lesser sciatic foramen?
Pudental Nerve
Function of Levator Ani
Support Pelvic Viscera
What forms anorectal sling?
Puborectlais
Which blood vessel crosses ureter close to uterus?
Uterine Artery
What is correct regarding lymphactic drainage of fundus of uterus?
Pre-Aortic
Right Ovarian Vein drains into?
IVC
Access to collection of fluid in pouch of douglas is via?
Posterior Vaginal Fornix
Which muscle of pelvic cavity is most likely to be injured during normal child birth?
Pubococcygeus
Which one of this ligament of the female reproductive system are vestiges of the ovarian gubernaculum, related to the descent of the ovary from the posterior abdominal wall?
Ligament of Ovary
The round ligament of uterus is a remnant of?
Ovarian Gubernaculum
The uterine artery is a branch of
Internal Iliac Artery
The ovarian artery is a branch of
Abdo Aorta
Placenta metabolises
Synthesis of Glycogen
Placenta secretes
Endocrine HCG
The superficial perineal pouch is a potential space between
membranous layer of superficial perineal fascia and perineal membrane
What is the position of ureter in relation to uterine artery at the lateral wall of the uterus?
Posterior
Fallopian tube epithelium
ciliated columnar
Vagina epithelium
Stratified Squamous Non-Keraitnising
Breast epithelium
Glandular
- Branching Tubulo-Acinar Glands
- Adipose Tissue
Name of highly convoluted tubes in testis
Seminferous Tubules
Spermatozoa are produced in
Seminferous Tubules
Plexus of channels where seminiferous tubules converge in testis
Rete Testis
From the rete testis in testis what emerges
Ductuli Efferentes
What is the beginning of the ductus deferens called?
Epididymis
Sertoli cells do what?
Support spermatozoa
Type of endocrine cells in testis
Leydig cells
Rete Testis epithelium
Cuboid Epithelial Cells
Epididymis function
Accumulation, Storage and Maturation Spermatozoa
Epididymis epithelium?
Pseudostratified
Ductus Deferens epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar
Muscle in Ductus Deferens features
Inner and Outer Longitudinal
Intermediate Circular
Seminal Vesicle Epithelium
Pseudostratified Tall Columnar
Seminal Vesicle Histology is
Honeycombed with Lipofuscin Granules
What bony features makes up anterior border of pelvic inlet?
Pubic Symphysis
Label the three parts of hip bone
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
The inguinal Ligament connects
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine to Pubic Tubercle
Which spinal nerves contribute to the sacral plexus. What are the two main branches of the sacral plexus?
L4-S3
Main branches
- Sciatic Nerve
- Pudental Nerve
The Superior and Inferior Vesical Arteries supply which part of the pelvis?
Bladder
What structure passes through greater sciatic foramen?
Pudental Nerve
Upper 1/3 Rectum arterial supply and venous drainage
Sup Rectal Artery
Portal
Middle 1/3 Rectum arterial supply and venous drainage
Mid Rectal
Systemic
Lower 1/3 Rectum arterial supply and venous drainage
Inferior Rectal
Systemic
During delivery, the doctor finds that the vaginal opening hasn’t dilated enough for the baby to come out. What should they do?
Epiostomy
What is the Lymphatic Drainage of Uterine Body?
External Iliac Lymph
The True Pelvis is what?
Above Pelvic Diaphragm/Region of Internal Genitalia
The Posterior Border of Pelvis Inlet is
Sacral Promentory
The Lateral Border of Pelvis inlet is
Iliopectineal Line
The Anterior Boundary of Pelvis inlet is
Pubic Symphysis
The Anterior Border of Pelvic Outlet is
Pubic Arch
The Lateral Border of Pelvic Outlet is
Ischial Tuberosity and Sacrotuberous Ligament
The Posterior Border of pelvic outlet is
Coccyx Tip
The Pelvic Floor is made up of
Levator Ani and Coccygeus
Levator Ani is made up of (3)
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Illeicoccygeus
What muscle forms the floor of the true pelvis
Levator Ani
Where does testis receive blood and nerve supply from
L2
Name a structure which is part of thermoregulatory system of testis?
pAMPINFORM vENOUS pLEXUS
The left testicular vein drains into which major vein?
Left Renal Vein
Which group lymph nodes are commonly enlarged or involved if penis and scrotum are affected by sexually transmitted disease?
Superficial Inguinal
Name the two pubic triangles
Urogenital
Anal
Action and Innervation of Ischocavernosus?
Maintains erection of Clitoris
Innervation: muscular branch of perineal nerve, branch of pudental nerve S2-4
Perineal Body function
Central Attachment for Perineal Muscles and Functions to Support Pelvic Floor
Urethra runs through what in males?
Spongy Urethra
Name 3 Pudental Nerve Branches
Perineal
Dorsal Penis
Inferior Rectal
If we needed to operate on perineum to repair a tear during childbirth or rectal prolapse, what nerve is most likely targeted to provide anesthetic to most of perineum?
Pudental Nerve S2-4
Hypogastric Plexus provides what innervation
Parasympathetic to erectile
What muscles are main support for uterus
Pelvic Diaphragm
Which group of lymph nodes is most significant in metastasis associated with breast cancer?
Axillary
A pregnant patient is at risk of uterine prolapse due to position of her uterus. What position is it most likely in?
Retroverted
Which pouch between uterus and bladder?
Vesicoureterine
Main functions of ovary
Ovary: oogenesis and endocrine secretion (oestrogen and progesterone)
The gonadal arteries originate from which vertebral level?
L2
Lymphatic drainage for fungus
Pre-Aortic
WhIch part of the uterine tube is the site of fertilization in humans?
Ampulla
Perineum Ant Border
Pubic Symphysis
Perineum Lat Border
Ischiopubic Rami and Sacrotuberous Lig
Perineum Inf Border
Coccyx Tip
Innervation of Perineum
Pudental Nerve S2-4
Which nerve stimulation produces increased vaginal secretion, erection of clitoris and engorgement of erectile tissues in the bulbs of the vestibule?
Parasympathetic
What is the motor innervation of the perineal muscle?
Pudental Nerve
Where would urine extravasate (leak) to if the the membranous urethra were damaged in a male?
Superficial Perineal Space
What forms the lower limit of the deep perineal space (pouch)?
Perineal Membrane
What forms the lower limit of the superficial perineal space (pouch)?
Colles Fascia
In females which of this superficial perineal pouch structure is an erectile tissue?
Bulb of Vestibule
The Fibromuscular structure the perineal body is the site of convergence of several perineal muscles. Which of this muscle is not a part of this convergence?
Ischocavernosus
This pelvic structure does not enter pudental (alcock) canal?
Nerve to obturator externes
Which is correct regarding lymphatic drainage of vulva?
Superficial Inguinal, Deep Inguinal or Internal Iliac
Obturator Internus tendon leaves pelvis via
Lesser sciatic foramen to attach to femur and become an external hip rotator
The obturator internus action
external hip rotator
piriformis arises from
sacrum
Most anterior part of pelvic floor
Puborectalis
The pudental nerve is a branch of
Lumbosacral plexuus
the pudental nerve exits pelvis via
greater sciatic foramen
the pudental nerve enters perineum through
lesser sciatic foramen
Anterior Peritoneum pouch
Vesicourterine Pouch
Posterior Peritoneum pouch
Recto-Uterine Pouch of Douglas
What fold of peritoneum covers uterus and Fallopian tubes
Broad Ligament
The Broad ligament part which covers ovaries
Mesovarium
The broad ligament part which covers Fallopian tubes
Mesosalpinx
The broad ligament part which covers uterus
Mesometrium
The round ligament is a remnant of
Ovarian Gubernaculum
The suspensory ligament for ovary carries
Ovarian artery and veins
Ovaries are embedded into
Posterior broad ligament
The uterus position in respect to cervix
Anteverted
The funds of uterus position with respect to body of uterus
Anteflexed
Anatomical landmark for pudental nerve block
Ischial Spine
What carries urethra in male
Corpus Spongiosum
what allows female urethra to pass
vestibular bulb
What supports glans of spongiosum
corpora cavernosa
What is the name of male pouch?
Rectovesical
Spongy urethra is where?
Within corpus spongiosum
What muscle forms the floor of the true pelvis
Levator Ani
Where does testis receive blood and nerve supply from
L2
Name a structure which is part of thermoregulatory system of testis?
pAMPINFORM vENOUS pLEXUS
The left testicular vein drains into which major vein?
Left Renal Vein
Which group lymph nodes are commonly enlarged or involved if penis and scrotum are affected by sexually transmitted disease?
Superficial Inguinal
Name the two pubic triangles
Urogenital
Anal
Action and Innervation of Ischocavernosus?
Maintains erection of Clitoris
Innervation: muscular branch of perineal nerve, branch of pudental nerve S2-4
Perineal Body function
Central Attachment for Perineal Muscles and Functions to Support Pelvic Floor
Urethra runs through what in males?
Spongy Urethra
Name 3 Pudental Nerve Branches
Perineal
Dorsal Penis
Inferior Rectal
If we needed to operate on perineum to repair a tear during childbirth or rectal prolapse, what nerve is most likely targeted to provide anesthetic to most of perineum?
Pudental Nerve S2-4
Hypogastric Plexus provides what innervation
Parasympathetic to erectile
What muscles are main support for uterus
Pelvic Diaphragm
Which group of lymph nodes is most significant in metastasis associated with breast cancer?
Axillary
A pregnant patient is at risk of uterine prolapse due to position of her uterus. What position is it most likely in?
Retroverted
Which pouch between uterus and bladder?
Vesicoureterine
Main functions of ovary
Ovary: oogenesis and endocrine secretion (oestrogen and progesterone)
The gonadal arteries originate from which vertebral level?
L2
Lymphatic drainage for fungus
Pre-Aortic
WhIch part of the uterine tube is the site of fertilization in humans?
Ampulla
Perineum Ant Border
Pubic Symphysis
Perineum Lat Border
Ischiopubic Rami and Sacrotuberous Lig
Perineum Inf Border
Coccyx Tip
Innervation of Perineum
Pudental Nerve S2-4
Which nerve stimulation produces increased vaginal secretion, erection of clitoris and engorgement of erectile tissues in the bulbs of the vestibule?
Parasympathetic
What is the motor innervation of the perineal muscle?
Pudental Nerve
Where would urine extravasate (leak) to if the the membranous urethra were damaged in a male?
Superficial Perineal Space
What forms the lower limit of the deep perineal space (pouch)?
Perineal Membrane
What forms the lower limit of the superficial perineal space (pouch)?
Colles Fascia
In females which of this superficial perineal pouch structure is an erectile tissue?
Bulb of Vestibule
The Fibromuscular structure the perineal body is the site of convergence of several perineal muscles. Which of this muscle is not a part of this convergence?
Ischocavernosus
This pelvic structure does not enter pudental (alcock) canal?
Nerve to obturator externes
Which is correct regarding lymphatic drainage of vulva?
Superficial Inguinal, Deep Inguinal or Internal Iliac
Obturator Internus tendon leaves pelvis via
Lesser sciatic foramen to attach to femur and become an external hip rotator
The obturator internus action
external hip rotator
piriformis arises from
sacrum
Most anterior part of pelvic floor
Puborectalis
The pudental nerve is a branch of
Lumbosacral plexuus
the pudental nerve exits pelvis via
greater sciatic foramen
the pudental nerve enters perineum through
lesser sciatic foramen
Anterior Peritoneum pouch
Vesicourterine Pouch
Posterior Peritoneum pouch
Recto-Uterine Pouch of Douglas
What fold of peritoneum covers uterus and Fallopian tubes
Broad Ligament
The Broad ligament part which covers ovaries
Mesovarium
The broad ligament part which covers Fallopian tubes
Mesosalpinx
The broad ligament part which covers uterus
Mesometrium
The round ligament is a remnant of
Ovarian Gubernaculum
The suspensory ligament for ovary carries
Ovarian artery and veins
Ovaries are embedded into
Posterior broad ligament
The uterus position in respect to cervix
Anteverted
The funds of uterus position with respect to body of uterus
Anteflexed
Anatomical landmark for pudental nerve block
Ischial Spine
What carries urethra in male
Corpus Spongiosum
what allows female urethra to pass
vestibular bulb
What supports glans of spongiosum
corpora cavernosa
What is the name of male pouch?
Rectovesical
Spongy urethra is where?
Within corpus spongiosum
