FELLING

Question 1

Which way should bunched butts face?

Answer 1

In the direction that the timber needs to be skidded. (facing road)

Question 2

Why are bunched trees better for yarding?

Answer 2

• Easy to grab with grapple

- Turn size is optimized with bunching (reduces logging cost)

Question 3

What is a turn?

Answer 3

• The logs brought to a landing in one yarding cycle

- Best logging cost depends on optimum log size for machine

Question 4

Whats a Humboldt undercut?

Answer 4

Undercut block taken from stump

Question 5

What is an undercut?

Answer 5

A block that is removed from the tree in the direction that the tree is intended to fall. 1/3 diameter of tree.

Question 6

What is holding wood?

Answer 6

Hinge of wood between undercut and backcut.

Question 7

What are the 6 key steps in Hand Felling?

Answer 7

1. Faller examines tree to determine safety hazards
2. Prepares escape route
3. Makes undercut
4. Makes backcut (adds wedges)
5. Leaves some holding wood
6. When back cut is almost complete, tree starts to fall and logger moves to safety.

Question 8

What does the term Barber chair refer to?

Answer 8

Longitudinal split along the bole of a tree.

Question 9

How does cut block size effect cost?

Answer 9

• Falling costs increase with small crews

- Fixed costs like transportation and supervision are the same with smaller crews as they would be for larger ones.

Question 10

How does ground slope effect falling costs?

Answer 10

• Flat ground can accommodate high numbers of fallers more easily because the threat of sliding trees is eliminated.
• On steep ground yarding cannot begin until falling is finished (bigger felled inventory = higher cost)

Question 11

How does terrain effect harvesting?

Answer 11

• Must handfell on difficult terrian
  (>45% slope, Rocky terrain, slippery soils, benches in terrain)
  -Amount of breakage can be excessive on rocky terrain.
  -fibre recovery decreases in difficult terrain

Question 12

Why does hand falling lead to higher skidding costs?

Answer 12

Trees must be individually hooked and removed (not bunched)

Question 13

What is the best yarding method for hand felled?

Answer 13

Individual choker hook ups, either ground based or cable yarded.

Question 14

Why is a hand faller more versatile than a machine logger?

Answer 14

• more mobile
• can move without damaging crop trees in partial cuts
• faller can select damaged trees
• mechanized equipment often damages retention trees.

Question 15

How does bucking prescription effect logging cost?

Answer 15

Whole tree - least expensive
Tree length - mid cost
short log - highest cost

Question 16

How can falling and bucking practices increase value?

Answer 16

• Correct bucking maximizes tree value

- Incorrect lengths decrease

Question 17

What are the 6 deadly sins?

Answer 17

1. Failing to fall danger trees before falling adjacent live trees
2. The practice of “domino falling”
3. Leaving cut-up trees and failing to mark them and notify supervision and co workers of their location.
4. Failing to take appropriate measures to control the fall of trees
5. Permitting unqualified workers within 2 tree lengths of the tree being felled.
6. Falling trees within specified minimum distances from unguarded overhead high voltage lines without complying with the requirements.

Question 18

What are the restrictions on bucking on slopes?

Answer 18

No bucking above 60% slopes
Landing must be big enough to support full length trees
Hard to find in steep areas.

Question 19

What is the difference in falling costs and productivity between hand and machine felling?

Answer 19

• (120m3/day, $400/day, $3.33/m3) Hand Feller

- (500 m3/day, $2000/day, $4.00/m3) Machine

Question 20

What determines the best harvesting system to use?

Answer 20

Terrain, Timber conditions and Total system productivity

Question 21

What are the 9 factors in hand falling productivity?

Answer 21

1 Cut block size and shape

2. Ground slope
3. Terrain
4. Timber size and stock
5. Weather
6. Felling prescription
7. Brush
8. Payment type
9. Bucking prescription