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422 - Virology > Feline Viral Infections > Flashcards

Feline Viral Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for feline herpesvirus?

A

Rhinotracheitis

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2
Q

What is the order of FHV?

A

Herpesvirales

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3
Q

What is the family of FHV?

A

Herpesviridae

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4
Q

What is the subfamily of FHV?

A

Alphaherpesvirinae

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5
Q

What is the genus of FHV?

A

Varicellovirus

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6
Q

What type of virus is FHV?

A

Double stranded DNA virus.

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7
Q

Describe the transmission of FHV.

A
  • The virus is shed in large quantities by an acutely infected cat, which can lead to further infection of susceptible, non-immune cats.
  • Acutely infected cats will become clinically healthy and latent infection develops in the trigeminal ganglion.
  • The virus can be reactivated in carrier cats due to stress or glucocorticoid treatment. These cats will shed the virus again and may or may not have clinical signs.
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8
Q

What is the incubation of FHV?

A

2-6 days.

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9
Q

After what time period does the cat become clinically healthy after infection with FHV-1?

A

2-3 weeks

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10
Q

Where does latent infection of FHV develop?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

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11
Q

How long does the virus shed for when reactivated in carrier cats?

A

1-13 days

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12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of acute FHV?

A
  • Sneezing
  • Nasal discharge
  • Conjunctival hyperaemia
  • Serous discharge

Pathology:
- Rhinitis
- Conjunctivitis

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13
Q

What are atypical clinical manifestations of acute FHV?

A
  • Ulcerated and crust forming lesions on the face and nose.
  • Severe systemic signs
  • Coughing
  • Death

Pathology:
- Dermatitis
- Viremia
- Pneumonia

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14
Q

What are the main clinical manifestations of chronic FHV?

A
  • Corneal edema, vascularization, blindness
  • Chronic sneezing and nasal discharge

Pathology:
- Stromal keratitis
- Chronic rhinosinusitis

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15
Q

What is the family and genus of FCV?

A

Family: Caliciviridae
Genus: Vesivirus

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16
Q

What genome does FCV have?

A

Small ss positive sense RNA

17
Q

How is FCV predominantly shed?

A

Oral and nasal secretions

18
Q

When do infected cats stop shedding FCV?

A

Cats usually shed at least 30 days post-infection but can be for a few years or life long

19
Q

What are clinical outcomes of FCV infection?

A
  • Acute oral and upper respiratory tract disease
  • Feline chronic ginvigostomatitis (FCGS)
  • Limping syndrome
  • Paw and mouth disease
  • Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection (VS-FCV)
20
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with oral and respiratory disease caused by FCV?

A
  • Usually co-infections
  • Oral ulceration, sneezing and serous nasal discharge are the main signs
  • Fever
  • Anorexia
  • Hypersalivation due to oral erosion (sometimes)
21
Q

How long does it take for oral and respiratory signs of FCV to resolve?

A

Usually resolve after a few days

22
Q

What treatment is done for FCV?

A

Only symptomatic treatment is needed.

23
Q

FCV is more severe in which animals?

A

Young cats

24
Q

Describe feline chronic gingivostomatitis.

A
  • Caudal stomatitis or mucositis
  • Faucitis in the lateral walls in the lateral walls of the oropharynx
  • Inflammation can extend to alveolar mucosa (alveolar mucositis) and cheek mucosa (buccal mucositis)
25
Q

What must be identified to diagnose FCGS?

A

Caudal stomatitis

26
Q

What is FCV limping syndrome?

A

Lameness that shifts between limbs associated with acute viremia and the localization of the virus or immune complexes in joints. Can occur following vaccination (can be co-incidence)

27
Q

How long does limping syndrome last?

A

24-48 hours

28
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with VS-FCV?

A
  • Facial edema (vasculitis)
  • Hair loss
29
Q

What is the mortality of VS-FCV?

A

High mortality (70%)

30
Q

Are FCV vaccines protective against VS-FCV?

A

No, its caused by a different calicivirus.

31
Q

Where is paw and mouth disease found?

A

Australia.

Its rare and caused by FCV.

32
Q

What type of virus is feline panleukopenia virus?

A

It’s a parvovirus.

Non-enveloped small single stranded DNA virus.

33
Q

Where does FPV replicate?

A

In lymphoid tissues and other rapidly dividing cells.

(thymus, spleen, bone marrow, intestine, embryonic tissue)

34
Q

Where can the FPV antigen be found after intrauterine infection and what does this cause?

A

Can be found in the cerebellum of kittens for weeks which leads to ataxia.

35
Q

What strategy does FPV use?

A

Hit and run strategy. Persistent infections and persistent shedding are rare.

36
Q

Is FPV environmentally stable?

A

YESSSSS very it remains infectious for at least 6months.

37
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with FPV?

A
  • Enteritis/intestinal damage
  • Major dehydration
  • Cerebellar hypoplasia (ataxia)
  • Infertility, fetal death
38
Q

Infection during which time period can lead to cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

Late gestation or early neonatal (2-3 weeks).

39
Q

What are some other viruses that can infect cats (incidental finds)?

A
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), cats can get it from chickens/turkeys
  • Cowpox virus, transmission occurs through rodents (outdoor cats mostly), mainly in Europe, zoonotic infection, leads to resp infection in cats with skin lesions
  • Sars-CoV-2, human to cat and cat to cat transmission, no remarkable clinical signs

422 - Virology (7 decks)

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