Feline Oral Disease Flashcards
How many teeth do cats have?
30 teeth
What is the dental formula of cats
2( 3/3 I , 1/1 C, 3/2 PM, 1/1 M)
What teeth is the normal cat missing
-NO Maxillary PM1 (105 and 205)
-NO mandibular PM1 (305 and 405) and PM2 (306 and 406)
overall, 6 less premolars and 6 less molars
What numbers are the cat’s carnassial teeth
Maxillary PM3 (108 and 208)
Mandibular M1 (309 and 409)
What numbers are the cat’s canines?
104, 204, 304, 404
What numbers are the cat’s mandibular 1st molars
309 and 409 (these are the first molars- carnassial)
What numbers are the cat’s maxillary 4th premolars
108 and 208 (these are the PM4 and the carnassial teeth)
How many molars does the cat have
1/1
What does cementum look like once it is exposed
brown/ black
What are the tissues of the periodontium
1) Alveolar mucosa
2) Attached gingiva
3) Mucogingival junction
4) Gingival margin
What is the most significant predictor of tooth loss in the cat **
Attachment loss
1) Gingival recession: distance between gingiva and cementoenamel junction
2) Periodontal pocketing: distance between gingiva and bottom of the pocket
distance between gingiva and bottom of the pocket
periodontal pocketing
distance between gingiva and cementoenamel junction
gingival recession
What are the 3 unique features of feline periodontal disease that is different from dogs *
1) Juvenile periodontitis (eruption gingivitis
2) Alveolar bone expansion
3) Super-eruption of teeth (especially maxillary canines)
Why are we not good at seeing feline juvenile periodontitis *
because most cats do not come in at 6 months
What are the features of juvenile periodontitis in cats
1) Severe gingivitis almost immediately after permanent dentition starts to erupt
2) Very little plaque/calculus accumulation
3) Quickly progresses to attachment loss
4) May also be associated with tooth resoprtion
Why is it important to catch juvenile periodontitis in cats
because it can quickly progress to attachment loss
How do you treat juvenile periodontitis in cats
regular anesthetized dental cleanings and home care (every 6 to 12 months)
need extensive, early extractions (if attachment loss of bone)
What are the features of alveolar bone expansion (feline periodontal disease)
1) Often associated with canine teeth
2) Not a normal feature of aging
3) Can be very dramatic
4) If not managed appropriately, can make closure from extractions very challenging
alveolar bone expansion is often associated with what teeth
canine teeth
T/F: alveolar bone expansion is a normal feature of aging
false
How do you treat alveolar bone expansion in cats
1) Radiographic monitoring
2) Extract associated tooth
3) Bone reduction at time of extraction
What are the features of tooth super-eruption
1) Tooth seems to be getting longer
2) Often associated with alveolar bone expansion
3) Most often maxillary canine teeth
4) Radiographic evidence of periodontal disease
5) May become displaced and prevent the mouth from closing
What is the one tissue you need to examine to diagnose chronic feline gingivostomatitis
the palato-glossal folds woth a sick cat
What might happen as a result of feline tooth super-eruption
they may become displaced and prevent the mouth from closing
How do you treat feline tooth super-eruption
extract thee teeth
Tooth super-eruption is most often assicated with the
maxillary canine teeth
What are the site predilection for feline odontoclastic tooth resorption
1) Mand P3
2) Mand M1
3) All canines
Periodontal disease stage:
Gingivitis without evidence alveolar of bone loss
Stage 1
Periodontitis with >50% alveolar bone loss and/or stage 3 furcation exposure
Stage 4 periodontal disease
Periodontitis with 25-50% alveolar bone loss and/or stage 2 furcation exposure
Stage 3 periodontal disease
Periodontitis with <25% alveolar bone loss and/or stage 1 furcation exposure
Stage 2 periodontal disease
What are the big 8 for feline periodontitis disease that you need so save as an occlusal pair (important teeth)
1) Maxillary and Mandibular Canines (-04s)
2) Maxillary 4th premolars (108 and 208)
3) Mandibular 1st molars (309 and 409)
If you are going to leave a tooth, you need to make sure that tooth has an
occlusal pair
What is a critical component of managing periodontal disease in cats
home care
T/F: to be tooth free and disease free is vastly superior than having diseased teeth
True
What is critical for juvenile onset PD
early management
What causes Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS) *
unknown etiology, most likely multi-factorial immune mediated disease
potential associated diseases: Calicivirus, FeLV/FIV, Bartonella henselae, Pasteurella multocida, Feline herpes virus
underlying immune abnormality with reaction to: plaque bacteria, periodontal ligament, tooth structure
What do you need to see yo diagnose Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS)
palatoglossal folds
What are the presenting signs of Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS)
-Halitosis
-Decreased appetite *
-Lack of grooming *
Why do cats with Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS) not want to groom
because due to the inflammation they do not want to stick out their tongue
What is a defining characteristic of Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS) **
Inflammation of the caudal oral cavity / palatoglossal arches
*periodontal disease and tooth resorption can have similar inflammation around the teeth
T/F: periodontal disease and tooth resorption can have similar inflammation around the teeth as Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS)
True- that is why you need to examine the inflammation of the caudal oral cavity / palatoglossal arches
What serum biochem changes do you see with Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS)
increased globulins (otherwise normal bloodwork)
What are the surgical treatments of Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS)
Caudal mouth extractions (CME) or full mouth extractions (FME)
-Early surgeries have more positive outcome
-Remove all rooth structure
-Provide proper analgesia and nutrition support (E-tube)
-Give 3-4 months for inflammation to subside
-May need to combine with medical management but treat symptoms not inflammation
What do you medically treat Feline Chronic Gingivitis Stomatitis (FCGS), for the non-responders to surgical tx
This is a management not a cure
1) Plaque reduction
2) Anesthetized dental cleaning every 6 months
3) Daily tooth brushing
4) Dental diets
5) Oral rinses etc. immmunosuppression / modulation
6) Cyclosporine
7) Feline omega interferon
8) Possible stem cell therapies for post-extraction
a proliferative lesion of cats most commonly located at mandibular 1st molar
secondary to trauma from the maxillary 4th premolar
pyogenic granuloma
pyogenic granulomas in cats are often secondary to
trauma from the maxillary 4th premolar
pyogenic granulomas are often mistaken for
Squamous cell carcinoma
How do you treat pyogenic granuloma
excision of lesion AND extraction of teeth is curative (208 and 309)
The animal is at a high recurrence rate for pyogenic granuloma if you only ________ *
will recur if you only excise the lesion
You need to excise the lesion AND extract the teeth (208 and 309)
What teeth typically need to get extracted to fix pyogenic granulomas in cats
208 and 309
this is because this lesion is at the mandibular 1st molar and associated with trauma from the maxillary 4th premolar (up above)
What are some examples of oral tumors in cats that are just hyperplastic lesions (nice)
1) Gingivitis / hyperplasia
2) Stomatitis
3) Pyogenic granuloma
T/F: you rarely see odontogenic tumors in cats
True
What are the top 2 non-odontogenic oral tumors in cats (BAD)
1) SCC **
2) Fibrosarcoma
68-89% of oral tumors in cats are malignant (10-20% in dogs) ; 65% of malignant tumors are ____________
Squamous cell carcinoma
T/F: squamous cell carcinoma in cats have extremely variable appearance
True
What other diseases can squamous cell carcinoma mimic in cats
PD
Osteomyelitis
Pyogenic granuloma
FCGS
Squamous cell carcinoma in cats can clinically appear as
non-healing extraction sites
What is the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats
extremely poor prognosis, survival time after diagnosis without ancillary therapy may be as low as one month due to poor quality of life
Why should you always biopsy something if it looks abnormal
because squamous cell carcinoma looks very abnormal
-get bone if it involves bone
squamous cell will not grow faster after biopsy
