Feline Ocular Disorders Flashcards
Feline conjunctivitis - most common primary causes
- Infectious
- Herpesvirus and Chlamydia
Feline conjunctivitis - most common secondary causes
- Traumatic injury with scratch or bite, foreign body
- Dental disease
- Hypersensitivity, allergy, eosinophilic
- Neoplasia
Dfdx for respiratory and eye infection
- Herpesvirus of Calicivirus
Dfdx for just an eye infection
- Not calicivirus
- Could still be herpesvirus
Clinical signs of conjunctivitisi
- Hyperemia, chemosis, exudate, pain
Steroids in cats with conjunctivitis
- Don’t do it, even if you don’t see an ulcer
Chlamydia bacteria type
- Chlamydophila felis
How contagious is chlamydia?
- Highly
Signs with chlamydia***
- Mild to severe conjunctivitis
- Often begins unilateral and spreads to the fellow eye
- No corneal involvement (DOES NOT CAUSE AN ULCER)**
Cytology of Chlamydia
- Epithelial cell, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies may be seen on conjunctival cytology
Treatment for Chlamydia
- Topical terramycin or erythromycin and systemic doxycycline
What is the only definitive way to diagnose Herpesvirus or know that it’s present?
- Presence of a corneal ulcer
Bartonella appearance
- May be associated with conjunctivitis +/or uveitis
Diagnosis of Bartonella
- Serology
Treatment for Bartonella
- Doxycycline
- May not be eliminated
Calicivirus clinical signs
- Conjunctivitis occurs with CONCURRENT URI and often ulcers on the tongue
Dfdx for concurrent URI and conjunctivitis
- Herpesvirus
Does calicivirus cause corneal ulcers?
- NO IT DOES NOT
Treatment for calicivirus
- Symptomatic therapy for respiratory disease and topical terramycin or erythromycin for conjunctivitis for secondary bacterial infection
Mycoplasma - what type of bacteria?
- Normal bacterial inhabitant of conjunctiva
Mycoplasma and conjunctivitis
- Possible cause of conjunctivitis
Treatment for Mycoplasma
- Topical terramycin
Who gets Mycoplasma?
- Goats and cattle
- Sometimes cats
Most common cause of conjunctivitis in cats
- FHV1 AKA Rhinotracheitis
How contagious is Herp?
- Highly
- > 90% cats are carriers
- Ubiquitous
Herpes outbreaks
- Initially URI
- Subsequent outbreaks are ocular
Clinical signs of Herpes outbreaks
- Brown waxy exudate
- SErous discharge to purulent
- Conjunctivitis can be mild to severe
- Chronic or recurring
- Unilateral or bilateral
Where is FHV1 latent?
- trigeminal ganglion
How is FHV1 induced to recrudesce?
- Stress
Injectable vaccine to prevent ocular disease FHV1
- Does NOT prevent
- Intranasal vacine is much better
Where are the ulcers for FHV1?
- Central cornea
- If it’s peripheral, maybe think something else
Consequences of neonatal herpes infection
- Symblepharon (adhesion of conjunctiva or eyelids)
- Ophthalmia neonatorum
- ulcerations
- Perforations
- Pthisis bulbi
Treatment for neonatal herpes infection
- Depends on the issue, but she would vaccinate them for sure
Herpes diagnosis
- Often based on clinical signs (and it being a cat)
- Inconsistent data on diagnostic value of PCR, virus isolation, fluorescent antibody
Herpes conjunctivitis treatment
- Lysine
- Topical antibiotic
- Oral doxycycline
- Avoid stress
- Intranasal vaccine
Lysine - how does it work?
- Interferes with viral replication as an arginine antagonist
- Reduces shedding
Which topical antibiotics for herpesvirus?
- Terramycin or erythromycin ointment or tobramycin solution
- Secondary bacterial infection
Why oral doxy for herpes?
- Coinfection with chlamydophila
What is pathognomonic for feline herpes keratitis?
- Dendritic or punctate ulcers