feline Flashcards
Cryptococcus
- systemic fungus mainly localized dans le NEZ des chat
- but can disseminate in lungs, CNS, eyes and skin
- sc: sneezing, discharge (any type) bilateral), BUMP ON NOSE, papule/nodule on skin, neuro
- Look for chorioretinitis or retinal detachement
- infection via inhalation mostly
- dx: latex agglutination for capsular antigen
- radio: patron interstielle/alveolaire (pas deffusion ou maladie cardiaque
- cytologie with gram stain of nasal exsudate
- tx: fluconazole/itraconazole for cats
- dogs amphotericin B
- TX UNTIL NEGATIVE ANTIGEN TITER
- Cytauxzoonosis
- cytauxzoon felis
- serious infection in outdoor cats in midwest US
- transmitted by ticks - amblyomma americanum
- sc: fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadeno, icterus, pallor, dysonea, hypothermia
- end stage: dyspnee, hypothermie
- dx: frottis avec CI in GR (oval piroplasme - merozoite) ou macrophage (shizonte)
- leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, non regen anemia, hyperbiliburemia
- tx: PO otovaquone and azithromycin + support care
- px: bad if no tx
- prevention : ticks
les puces peuvent etre porteur de quelles maladies?
can carry zoonose: diphylidium caninum, rickettsia typhi/felis, bartonella, fransicella tularensis
- atopica
- apoquel
- cytopoint
- atopica (cyclosporine) calcineurin inhibi
- apoquel (oclactinib) JAK1 inhib
- cytopoint (lokivetmab) anti IL31
-Ehrlichiose
- ehrlichia canis
- found inside monocyte
- CHRONIC INFECTION IS COMMON compared tp anaplasma phagocytophilium
- sc: pancytopenie, hemorragie, weight lost, hypergammaglobinemie, etc
- sc: lethargie. fever, lymhaadenomegalie, splenomegalie, thrombocytopenia IN ACUTE
- CHRONIC: bone marrow suppression and glomerulonephrite
- TRANSMITTED BY rhipicephalus sangineus
- tx: doxycycline
- zoonose but usully not from direct contact of dog and human since need vector
tick transmitted dz (name and tick)
ioxodes - lyme
ioxodes - anaplasma
leishamiose - sand flys
babesia -
ehrlichiose - rhicephalus
rocky mountain fever - dermacentor/andersoni
tularemie - dermacentor/amybloma
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
- rickettsia rickettsii
- Transmitted by dermacentor/andersoni
- s : petechie due to vasculite and thrombocytopenie or rash, lymphadenopathy, lameness, joint swelling, coughing , v+d+, petechie, neuro
- dx: SC or serology
- tx: doxy 7-14j
isoxazoline
(fluraner, afoxolaner, arolaner, lotilaner)
Discoid lupus erythematosis
- antibodies deposited in basement membrane causing damage to the epidermal basal layer
- lesions on bony prominence, tip of tail, pinnae, nasal planum
- breed: BA, sherpards, huskies, collies, etc
- UV light risk factor
- tx: tetracycline and niacinamide (block immune response)
- other tx can include topical steroids, tacrolimus, vitamin E, essential fatty acids, atb if secondary infection
degenerative myelopathy
which breeds and what genee
BA + corgis
SOD1
Adenovirus type 1
hepatite infectieuse canine
- ****OPACITÉ CORNÉENNE -**** reaction immunitaire retardée qui se produit chez 25% des chien qui recupere et peu egalement ere observe chez les chien vacines avec vx CAV-1 VIVANT MODIFIE
- TRANSIENT
- infection oronasal
- can be fatal especially in young dogs (10-30%)
- SC: fievre, lethargie, ecoulement nasale et oculaire sereux, vasculite (petechie), abdo pain, coagulopathie et SC du CNS
- can cause type 3 immune complex deposition
- CLOTTING TIME correlated with severity of illness
- dx:
- antemortem - PR, ELISA ou serologie
- tx: supportive
- fluido, nutrition, address coagulopathy
- VX***
- cross protection if vaccinated with CAV-2
calcium channel blocker toxicity
hypoteension, bradycardie oedeme pulmonaire
Trichuris vulpis
- (similar looking is eucoleus aerophilus - lung worm)
- associated with addison like symptoms → hyponatremia, hyperkalemie, hyperphosphatemie, azotemie, acidose
- whipworm
- found in cecum and colon
- can cause hypoadrenocorticisme/pseudo-addison
- sc:
- tx: fenbendazole (for both) 10 days
risk factors of having a mucocele
-
CUSHING FACTEUR DE RISQUE POUR AVOIR MUCOCELE
- other risk factors: hypothyro, hypertriglyceridemie, hypercholesterolemie, DM
Atrial standstill
- ABSENCE OF P WAVE and slow HR (<60 usually)
-
caused by: hyperkalemie due to hypoadrenocorticism
-
othere causes of hyperekalemie
- acute kidney injury
- urinary obstruction
-
othere causes of hyperekalemie
- dx: hemato/bio + ecg
- tx: fluide with bicarbonate and dextrose/insulin
teigne tx in cats and dofs
cat: itraconazole
dog: terbinafine
placentities in horses
- inflammation of placenta
- etio: ascending (strept), diffuse (lepto): 2e to speticemia, nocardioform infection of placenta
- classical presentation: premature udder deve or leaking milk, vulvar discharge
- dx:
- echo: transretal (to eval cervical star) & transabdo to eva thickening of placenta + eval fetal health
- do not manipulate the cervix for culture
- tx:
- atb: TMS, penicillin/genta, cephalosp
- progesterone to quiet the uterus
- flunixine meglumne
- pentoifylline, vit E: decrease inflam + improve oxy delivery
- outcome: may lead to abortion or birth of weak premature foals
aCUTE BRONHOINTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIE equin
- SPORADIC DISEASE SEEN IN YOUNG HORSES 1WEEK TO 8 MONTHS
- pas d’agent specific qui cause cela (multifactorielle)
- tx: corticosteroids
polyneuritis equi
cauda equina neuritis
- SC localized in cauda equina
- autoimmune
- inflammation of sacrocaudal nerves and occasionaly other nerves seen in adult horses
- sc: PROGRESSIVE urinary and fecal incontience, tail paralysis, perineal paresthesia/analgesia, atrophy gluteal muscles, mild pelvic ataxia - can also cause cranial nerve deficit asymmetric (CN V, VII, VIII or other)
- dx: antibodies for P2-myelin protein (many false positive)
- exclude sacral fracture, EHV-1 and equine protozoal encephalomyelitis
- tx: no tx
- px: poor for functional recovery
rhodococcus equi tx
macrolide + rifampin
Equine viral arteritis
- transmissible via semen and can cause lower preg rates and cause abortion
- can have respir signs and vascultitis followed by abortion 7-10 days after onset of illness
- most abortions occur btw 5-10 months of gestation (50% of mares)
- dx: pcr of body secretions, whole blood or tissues
- tx: supportive care
- NO TX TO ELIMINATE PERSISTENT INFECTION IN STALLIONS
- prevention with vx
purpurra hemorragique
- immune complexe disease (type 3) which commonly occurs 1-3 weeks after a case of strangles or aftere vx against strept equi
- sc: NONTHROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
- tx: SI, atb, cortico, analgesic, supportive care
how much colostrum do calves and foals need
- foals should get at least 1L of colostrum within first few hours
- 2L in calves
-
healthy IgG concetration > 800mg/dl
- in calves >1600mg/dl
