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NAVLE > feline > Flashcards

feline Flashcards

1
Q

Cryptococcus

A
  • systemic fungus mainly localized dans le NEZ des chat
    • but can disseminate in lungs, CNS, eyes and skin
  • sc: sneezing, discharge (any type) bilateral), BUMP ON NOSE, papule/nodule on skin, neuro
  • Look for chorioretinitis or retinal detachement
  • infection via inhalation mostly
  • dx: latex agglutination for capsular antigen
    • radio: patron interstielle/alveolaire (pas deffusion ou maladie cardiaque
    • cytologie with gram stain of nasal exsudate
  • tx: fluconazole/itraconazole for cats
    • dogs amphotericin B
    • TX UNTIL NEGATIVE ANTIGEN TITER
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2
Q
  • Cytauxzoonosis
A
  • cytauxzoon felis
    • serious infection in outdoor cats in midwest US
    • transmitted by ticks - amblyomma americanum
    • sc: fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadeno, icterus, pallor, dysonea, hypothermia
      • end stage: dyspnee, hypothermie
    • dx: frottis avec CI in GR (oval piroplasme - merozoite) ou macrophage (shizonte)
      • leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, non regen anemia, hyperbiliburemia
      • tx: PO otovaquone and azithromycin + support care
      • px: bad if no tx
      • prevention : ticks
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3
Q

les puces peuvent etre porteur de quelles maladies?

A

can carry zoonose: diphylidium caninum, rickettsia typhi/felis, bartonella, fransicella tularensis

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4
Q
  • atopica
  • apoquel
  • cytopoint
A
  • atopica (cyclosporine) calcineurin inhibi
  • apoquel (oclactinib) JAK1 inhib
  • cytopoint (lokivetmab) anti IL31
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5
Q

-Ehrlichiose

A
  • ehrlichia canis
    • found inside monocyte
    • CHRONIC INFECTION IS COMMON compared tp anaplasma phagocytophilium
    • sc: pancytopenie, hemorragie, weight lost, hypergammaglobinemie, etc
    • sc: lethargie. fever, lymhaadenomegalie, splenomegalie, thrombocytopenia IN ACUTE
      • CHRONIC: bone marrow suppression and glomerulonephrite
    • TRANSMITTED BY rhipicephalus sangineus
    • tx: doxycycline
    • zoonose but usully not from direct contact of dog and human since need vector
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6
Q

tick transmitted dz (name and tick)

A

ioxodes - lyme
ioxodes - anaplasma
leishamiose - sand flys
babesia -
ehrlichiose - rhicephalus
rocky mountain fever - dermacentor/andersoni
tularemie - dermacentor/amybloma

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7
Q

ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER

A
  • rickettsia rickettsii
  • Transmitted by dermacentor/andersoni
  • s : petechie due to vasculite and thrombocytopenie or rash, lymphadenopathy, lameness, joint swelling, coughing , v+d+, petechie, neuro
  • dx: SC or serology
  • tx: doxy 7-14j
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8
Q

isoxazoline

A

(fluraner, afoxolaner, arolaner, lotilaner)

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9
Q

Discoid lupus erythematosis

A
  • antibodies deposited in basement membrane causing damage to the epidermal basal layer
  • lesions on bony prominence, tip of tail, pinnae, nasal planum
  • breed: BA, sherpards, huskies, collies, etc
  • UV light risk factor
  • tx: tetracycline and niacinamide (block immune response)
    • other tx can include topical steroids, tacrolimus, vitamin E, essential fatty acids, atb if secondary infection
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10
Q

degenerative myelopathy
which breeds and what genee

A

BA + corgis
SOD1

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11
Q

Adenovirus type 1

A

hepatite infectieuse canine
- ****OPACITÉ CORNÉENNE -**** reaction immunitaire retardée qui se produit chez 25% des chien qui recupere et peu egalement ere observe chez les chien vacines avec vx CAV-1 VIVANT MODIFIE
- TRANSIENT
- infection oronasal
- can be fatal especially in young dogs (10-30%)
- SC: fievre, lethargie, ecoulement nasale et oculaire sereux, vasculite (petechie), abdo pain, coagulopathie et SC du CNS
- can cause type 3 immune complex deposition
- CLOTTING TIME correlated with severity of illness
- dx:
- antemortem - PR, ELISA ou serologie
- tx: supportive
- fluido, nutrition, address coagulopathy
- VX***
- cross protection if vaccinated with CAV-2

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12
Q

calcium channel blocker toxicity

A

hypoteension, bradycardie oedeme pulmonaire

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13
Q

Trichuris vulpis

A
  • (similar looking is eucoleus aerophilus - lung worm)
    • associated with addison like symptoms → hyponatremia, hyperkalemie, hyperphosphatemie, azotemie, acidose
    • whipworm
    • found in cecum and colon
    • can cause hypoadrenocorticisme/pseudo-addison
    • sc:
    • tx: fenbendazole (for both) 10 days
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14
Q

risk factors of having a mucocele

A
  • CUSHING FACTEUR DE RISQUE POUR AVOIR MUCOCELE
    • other risk factors: hypothyro, hypertriglyceridemie, hypercholesterolemie, DM
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15
Q

Atrial standstill

A
  • ABSENCE OF P WAVE and slow HR (<60 usually)
  • caused by: hyperkalemie due to hypoadrenocorticism
    • othere causes of hyperekalemie
      • acute kidney injury
      • urinary obstruction
  • dx: hemato/bio + ecg
  • tx: fluide with bicarbonate and dextrose/insulin
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16
Q

teigne tx in cats and dofs

A

cat: itraconazole
dog: terbinafine

17
Q

placentities in horses

A
  • inflammation of placenta
  • etio: ascending (strept), diffuse (lepto): 2e to speticemia, nocardioform infection of placenta
  • classical presentation: premature udder deve or leaking milk, vulvar discharge
  • dx:
    • echo: transretal (to eval cervical star) & transabdo to eva thickening of placenta + eval fetal health
    • do not manipulate the cervix for culture
  • tx:
    • atb: TMS, penicillin/genta, cephalosp
    • progesterone to quiet the uterus
    • flunixine meglumne
    • pentoifylline, vit E: decrease inflam + improve oxy delivery
  • outcome: may lead to abortion or birth of weak premature foals
18
Q

aCUTE BRONHOINTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIE equin

A
  • SPORADIC DISEASE SEEN IN YOUNG HORSES 1WEEK TO 8 MONTHS
  • pas d’agent specific qui cause cela (multifactorielle)
  • tx: corticosteroids
19
Q

polyneuritis equi

A

cauda equina neuritis
- SC localized in cauda equina
- autoimmune
- inflammation of sacrocaudal nerves and occasionaly other nerves seen in adult horses
- sc: PROGRESSIVE urinary and fecal incontience, tail paralysis, perineal paresthesia/analgesia, atrophy gluteal muscles, mild pelvic ataxia - can also cause cranial nerve deficit asymmetric (CN V, VII, VIII or other)
- dx: antibodies for P2-myelin protein (many false positive)
- exclude sacral fracture, EHV-1 and equine protozoal encephalomyelitis
- tx: no tx
- px: poor for functional recovery

20
Q

rhodococcus equi tx

A

macrolide + rifampin

21
Q

Equine viral arteritis

A
  • transmissible via semen and can cause lower preg rates and cause abortion
  • can have respir signs and vascultitis followed by abortion 7-10 days after onset of illness
  • most abortions occur btw 5-10 months of gestation (50% of mares)
  • dx: pcr of body secretions, whole blood or tissues
  • tx: supportive care
    • NO TX TO ELIMINATE PERSISTENT INFECTION IN STALLIONS
  • prevention with vx
22
Q

purpurra hemorragique

A
  • immune complexe disease (type 3) which commonly occurs 1-3 weeks after a case of strangles or aftere vx against strept equi
  • sc: NONTHROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
  • tx: SI, atb, cortico, analgesic, supportive care
23
Q

how much colostrum do calves and foals need

A
  • foals should get at least 1L of colostrum within first few hours
    • 2L in calves
    • healthy IgG concetration > 800mg/dl
      • in calves >1600mg/dl

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