Feedstuffs Used in Large Animals Flashcards
NDF
Neutral Detergent Fiber Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin Predictor of voluntary intake- provides bulk/fill Want low NDF NDF increases as forages mature
ADF
Acid Detergent Fiber Least digestiable plant parts (cellulose and lignin) inversely related to digestability low ADF conc are higher in energy
NDF rule
DMI (%BW)= 120/NDF
TDN
Total digestable nutrients sum of digestible crude fiber, digestible crude protein, digestible fat multiplied by factor 2.25 and digestable nitrogen free extract (NFE)
NIRS
Near Infared Reflectance Spectroscopy, a way to measure nutrients in food
What kind of grass is this?
What’s it’s proteins, ADF, NDF?
Bermuda Grass
Protein: 15-20%
ADF: 25-30%
NDF: ~55%
What kind of grass is this? What insect is associated with it?
Bermuda Grass
Chiggers
What happens to ADF and NDF as pature grass matures?
Both values will increase
What kind of grass is this? What’s its CP, ADF, NDF?
Brome Grass
CP: 12-20%
ADF: 22-26%
NDF: ~50%
What kind of grass is this? Protein and TDN?
Cheat Grass
Protein 3%, TDN <60
Not good stuff!
What best predicts voluntary feed intake?
NDF
Best indicator for forage digestibility?
ADF
What kind of grass is this? CP and ADF?
Fescue
CP: 12-22%
ADF: 30-40%
What are some problems with Fescue in cattin the winter and summer and mares?
Neotyphodium (acremonium) coenophilum (endophyte fungus)
Produces ergot type alkaloids (ergovaline)
Fescue food (gangrene) in cattle, winter
Summer syndrome in cattle, increase in body temp, rapid breathing->decrease production
Mares: prolonged gestation, weak foals, abortion, agalatica
What kind of grass is this? CP and ADF?
Timothy
CP 20%-12%
ADF: 35%
ID
Big Bluestem
Prarie Hay/Native Grass
ID
Little Bluestem
ID
Indian Grass
ID
Switchgrass
Alfalfa is an excellent source of _____ and ______
protein and calcium
ID. Protein, ADF, NDF?
Alfalfa
Protein: 19-15% (early to late bloom)
ADF: 30.5-42.5% (early to late bloom)
NDF: 40-49% (early to late bloom)
What are some problems with alfalfa?
Bloat in cattle if grazed
Blister Beetle toxicity in horses
What is this and what are problems associated with it?
Sweet Clover
Contains coumarin which gets converted to dicumoral by molds. Dicumoral inhibits Vitamin K resulting in bleeding disorders.
What is this and what are some problems associated with it?
Alsike clover
Photosensitization
What is this and what are the problems associated with it?
Japanese Yew
Inhibits depolarization in the heart, acute onset and sudden death
What is this? What are some advantages/disadvantages in using it?
Green chop: corn, grass
Ad: maximizes nutrient yield, less nutrient loss, less fencing, may reduce bloat
Dis: No uniform quality, weather, high moisture content, can’t be fed year round
What is hay baled at?
15-18-20% moisture
Corn Silage
High in energy, low in protein
Most palatable, popular, high grain content desirable
What can happen if the pH rises in silage?
Listeriosis/Botulism
What is the target range of moisture for good silage?
50-70%
What does TMR stand for?
Total Mixed Rations
What is this? What are dangers associated with it?
Cotton seed.
Dangers: contains Gossypl,toxic to heart, lungs and reproductive organs
Swine>Poultry>Ruminants
Young>old
What is this? What are problems with it?
Wheat
Highly fermentable, must limit feed or acidosis may result
What is this? What are some things about it?
Barley
It’s a hard kernal so it’s got to be made into a grind, roll or flake
More drought resistant than wheat
Can’t feed green, store for a month first
What be this? What are some things about it?
Suited to cool wet weather
More fiber, less DE than common grains -> less colic
Fed whole/rolled -> horses
Safe to feed but not as nutritious as other feeds
What is this? CP, CF, rich in what Vitamins, DE
Brewer’s Grains
CP: 25%
CF: 15%
Rich in B vitamins
DE: 3.5 MCal/kg (good)
WHat is this? What are some things about it?
Milo/Sorghum
More drought resistant than corn
Composition similar to corn
Fed ground, crimped or rolled
