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Animal Nutrition > Feedstuffs Used in Large Animals > Flashcards

Feedstuffs Used in Large Animals Flashcards

1
Q

NDF

A

Neutral Detergent Fiber Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin Predictor of voluntary intake- provides bulk/fill Want low NDF NDF increases as forages mature

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2
Q

ADF

A

Acid Detergent Fiber Least digestiable plant parts (cellulose and lignin) inversely related to digestability low ADF conc are higher in energy

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3
Q

NDF rule

A

DMI (%BW)= 120/NDF

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4
Q

TDN

A

Total digestable nutrients sum of digestible crude fiber, digestible crude protein, digestible fat multiplied by factor 2.25 and digestable nitrogen free extract (NFE)

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5
Q

NIRS

A

Near Infared Reflectance Spectroscopy, a way to measure nutrients in food

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6
Q

What kind of grass is this?

What’s it’s proteins, ADF, NDF?

A

Bermuda Grass

Protein: 15-20%

ADF: 25-30%

NDF: ~55%

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7
Q

What kind of grass is this? What insect is associated with it?

A

Bermuda Grass

Chiggers

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8
Q

What happens to ADF and NDF as pature grass matures?

A

Both values will increase

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9
Q

What kind of grass is this? What’s its CP, ADF, NDF?

A

Brome Grass

CP: 12-20%

ADF: 22-26%

NDF: ~50%

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10
Q

What kind of grass is this? Protein and TDN?

A

Cheat Grass

Protein 3%, TDN <60

Not good stuff!

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11
Q

What best predicts voluntary feed intake?

A

NDF

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12
Q

Best indicator for forage digestibility?

A

ADF

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13
Q

What kind of grass is this? CP and ADF?

A

Fescue

CP: 12-22%

ADF: 30-40%

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14
Q

What are some problems with Fescue in cattin the winter and summer and mares?

A

Neotyphodium (acremonium) coenophilum (endophyte fungus)

Produces ergot type alkaloids (ergovaline)

Fescue food (gangrene) in cattle, winter

Summer syndrome in cattle, increase in body temp, rapid breathing->decrease production

Mares: prolonged gestation, weak foals, abortion, agalatica

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15
Q

What kind of grass is this? CP and ADF?

A

Timothy

CP 20%-12%

ADF: 35%

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16
Q

ID

A

Big Bluestem

Prarie Hay/Native Grass

17
Q

ID

A

Little Bluestem

18
Q

ID

A

Indian Grass

19
Q

ID

A

Switchgrass

20
Q

Alfalfa is an excellent source of _____ and ______

A

protein and calcium

21
Q

ID. Protein, ADF, NDF?

A

Alfalfa

Protein: 19-15% (early to late bloom)

ADF: 30.5-42.5% (early to late bloom)

NDF: 40-49% (early to late bloom)

22
Q

What are some problems with alfalfa?

A

Bloat in cattle if grazed

Blister Beetle toxicity in horses

23
Q

What is this and what are problems associated with it?

A

Sweet Clover

Contains coumarin which gets converted to dicumoral by molds. Dicumoral inhibits Vitamin K resulting in bleeding disorders.

24
Q

What is this and what are some problems associated with it?

A

Alsike clover

Photosensitization

25
Q

What is this and what are the problems associated with it?

A

Japanese Yew

Inhibits depolarization in the heart, acute onset and sudden death

26
Q

What is this? What are some advantages/disadvantages in using it?

A

Green chop: corn, grass

Ad: maximizes nutrient yield, less nutrient loss, less fencing, may reduce bloat

Dis: No uniform quality, weather, high moisture content, can’t be fed year round

27
Q

What is hay baled at?

A

15-18-20% moisture

28
Q

Corn Silage

A

High in energy, low in protein

Most palatable, popular, high grain content desirable

29
Q

What can happen if the pH rises in silage?

A

Listeriosis/Botulism

30
Q

What is the target range of moisture for good silage?

A

50-70%

31
Q

What does TMR stand for?

A

Total Mixed Rations

32
Q

What is this? What are dangers associated with it?

A

Cotton seed.

Dangers: contains Gossypl,toxic to heart, lungs and reproductive organs

Swine>Poultry>Ruminants

Young>old

33
Q

What is this? What are problems with it?

A

Wheat

Highly fermentable, must limit feed or acidosis may result

34
Q

What is this? What are some things about it?

A

Barley

It’s a hard kernal so it’s got to be made into a grind, roll or flake

More drought resistant than wheat

Can’t feed green, store for a month first

35
Q

What be this? What are some things about it?

A

Suited to cool wet weather

More fiber, less DE than common grains -> less colic

Fed whole/rolled -> horses

Safe to feed but not as nutritious as other feeds

36
Q

What is this? CP, CF, rich in what Vitamins, DE

A

Brewer’s Grains

CP: 25%

CF: 15%

Rich in B vitamins

DE: 3.5 MCal/kg (good)

37
Q

WHat is this? What are some things about it?

A

Milo/Sorghum

More drought resistant than corn

Composition similar to corn

Fed ground, crimped or rolled

Animal Nutrition (2 decks)

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