Feeding Management Flashcards
Rationing feeds short of the proper volume or standard requirement in both quantity an nutritional level.
Underfeeding
Giving more feed beyond the standard level both volume and in nutritional requirement and result to very expensive feed ration with low net return
Overfeeding
Enough feedstuff with unbalanced nutritional level, which usually result to nutritional deficiency as when giving ration rich in carbohydrates but less in protein
Unbalanced Feeding
Chemical substances found in feed materials that can be used, and are necessary for the maintenance, production, and health of animals
Nutrients
Part of a feedstuff that can be digested, or broken down
Digestible Nutrients
Who are the efficient user of roughage which has fiber that is not easily digested?
Ruminants and Horses
3 basic functions of feed nutrients
Building and maintaining the body structure
Source of energy
Regulators of body processes
Give reasons why animals need feeding
Maintenance
Growth
Reproduction
Lactation
Working
It is the total amount of feed an animal gets in a 24hour period.
Ration
A ration that provides all of the nutrient needed by the animal in the right amount and proportion.
Balanced ration
It is the type and amount of feed and water an animal eat.
Diet
What is the 6 types of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fats
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Major sources are CORN, oats, hay, soybean oil meal, and grain sorghum.
Carbohydrates
Major sources are from COCONUT OIL, meat scraps, tankage, cottonseed and fish meal.
Fats
Major sources are SOYBEAN, legume hay, blood meal, feather meal, fish meal.
Protein
What are six macrominerals in all 18 minerals?
Calcium
Salt
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Potassium
Sulfur
Most important vitamins in animals
A, D and B
What is the most important nutrients?
Water
True or False
Newborn needs 70% water than adult 40%
True
More abundant and cheaper, easily digested and turned into body fat
Carbohydrates
Complex compounds made of amino acids, in all plant(make their own protein) and animals, nitrogen content(6.25/16%)
Protein
It has nonessential which created by the body not necessary that it is from the food that eaten and essential which can’t be made fast enough(eggs and milk)
Amino acids
Inorganic element of plants and animals, burning off the organic matter(called ASH)
Minerals
Give examples of microminerals
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Fluorine
Iodine
Iron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Selenium
Silicon
Zinc
Give functions of minerals
It gives strength to skeleton
Part of protein
Activate enzyme systems
Control body fluids
Regulate acid- base balance
Exert effects on nerves/ muscles
It is vitamins that stored in animal body and what are these vitamins?
Fat-soluble Vitamins
A,D,E, and K
It is the vitamins that is not stored in the body and secreted in urine? Give some example.
Water-soluble Vitamins
Ex Niacin, B1(thiamine),B2(riboflavin), B3(pantothenic acid), B6,B12, C
3 ways supplements that are prepared
Blocks(salt or mineral block)
Liquids(molasses)
Mixes(salt and protein sources)
What are the 3 essential amino acid?
Lysine, methionine, and tryptophan
What are the 3 types of protein supplements?
Animal
Plants
Synthetic
Any ingredients or materials fed to animals for sustaining them and most provide one or more nutrients.
Feedstuff
8 feed classification
Roughages
Concentrates
By-product feeds
Protein supplements
Minerals
Vitamins
Special Feeds
Additives, Implants and Injections
What are the two general classes of feedstuff?
Roughages
Concentrates
What is the most used grains?
Corn
Feeds left over from animal and plant processing or industrial manufacturing, mixture of roughage and concentrate
By-product feeds
Feed additives that change the metabolism within the rumen by altering the rumen microorganisms
Ionophores
Nutrients can be made by the animal through digestion
Digestible
Food contain nutrients needed by the animal
Nutritious
Must contain the proper proportion of nutrients needed by the animal
Balance/ Complete
Appealing to the taste readily acceptable by the animal
Palatable
Free from any contaminant that would otherwise reduce it’s nutritional value
Clean
Good quality and good price
Affordable
Common methods of feed preparation
Cooking
Steaming
Cutting
Fermenting
Peletting
Common forms of feeds
Meal form(end product)
Crumble form(grinding pellets)
Pellet form(mash feeds)
Feed types
Booster/pre starter
Starter
Grower
Finisher
Layer
Breeder
Lactating
Feeding as much as they want or unlimited
Ad libitum
