Feeding and Digestion: Chapter 2

Question 1

Post-gastric

Answer 1

Located after small intestine… Rabbits it is the cecum. Prepare “night pellet” defecates cecum product to consume it again.

Question 2

Copragraphy

Answer 2

Eats own feces

Question 3

Mechanical digestion:

Answer 3

Mastication, churning, motility in stomach

Question 4

Chemical digestion:

Answer 4

Secretion of enzymes to breakdown food to absorbable sizes.

Question 5

Absorption:

Answer 5

Nutrients move from Lumen to blood

Question 6

Assimilation:

Answer 6

Nutrients move from blood to cells throughout body

Question 7

Pace setter potential

Answer 7

Specialized cells that Stimulates smooth muscles and gut to contract…. Intrinsic control

Question 8

Intrinsic control

Answer 8

Nerves not controlled by central nervous system.. Crude control used for mixing and propelling food

Question 9

Extrinsic control

Answer 9

Involves central nervous system… Responses to certain changes via the Vegas nerve

Question 10

Forms of Motility

Answer 10

1. Peristalsis

2. Segmentation

Question 11

Peristalsis

Answer 11

Form of intrinsic contraction that propels food forward by cells above food contracting.

Question 12

Segmentation

Answer 12

Intrinsic mixing waves that contract in rings that causes food to slosh back and forth

Question 13

Sphincter

Answer 13

Divides the digestive tract into segments to compartmentalise digestive process

Question 14

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Answer 14

At the base of the esophagus

Question 15

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 15

At base of stomach

Question 16

Anal sphincter

Answer 16

Controls defication

Question 17

Baleen

Answer 17

Filter-feeder system inside baleen whales that allow them to push out water but filter krill so that they can remain as a food source.

Question 18

Pre-gastric

Answer 18

A pre-stomach compartment where microorganisms live symbiotically and convert cellulose to fatty acids and amino acids

Question 19

Motility:

Answer 19

Involves contraction that go on in the gut

Question 20

Secretion:

Answer 20

Digestive juices secreted into digestive like by exocrin glands, each with its specific secretory products. Extract late volumes of water and raw materials needed to produce particular secretion

Question 21

Digestion:

Answer 21

When enzymes are released so that food can be broken down into absorbable sizes

Question 22

Chemical end product of Starch(polysaccharide):

Answer 22

Hydrolysed into a monosaccharide

Question 23

Chemical end product of glycogen(polysaccharide):

Answer 23

Unused glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles

Question 24

Chemical end product of proteins:

Answer 24

Amino acids and polypeptides

Question 25

Triglycerides(fat):

Answer 25

Monoglyceride and free fatty acids

Question 26

Roles of saliva

Answer 26

1. Mucous lubricates food bolus before swallowing.
2. Amalyse, found in saliva, breaks starch down into maltose.
3. Lysozyme lyses certain bacteria by breaking down their cell walls, bacteriostatic. Controls amount of bacteria entering digestive tract.

Question 27

Purpose of epiglottis

Answer 27

Flap of cartilage tissue that covers larynx so that food does not enter it.

Question 28

Purpose of gastroesophageal sphincter

Answer 28

Remains contracted so that a barrier is maintained between the stomach and esophagus ensuring that gastric acids can’t reflux into esophagus.

Question 29

Three types of gastric cells in gastric pit

Answer 29

1. Chief cells
2. Parietal cells
3. Mucous cells

Question 30

Chief cells:

Answer 30

Produce pepsinogen

Question 31

Parietal cells:

Answer 31

Produce HCl, kill bacteria and spores, produce intrinsic factor.

Question 32

Mucous cells:

Answer 32

Provides stomach with protective coatings so it doesn’t digest itself.

Question 33

Pepsinogen

Answer 33

An inactive form of an enzyme. Becomes active when reacted with HCl. It digest proteins so it must be stores like this so it does not digest the proteins that make of the cytoskeleton of cells.

Question 34

Intrinsic factor

Answer 34

Bonds to vitamin b12 then they are absorbed together at the distal end of the small intestine. If there was no intrinsic factor b12 would not be absorbed which is crucial to blood cell reproduction, leading to anemia.

Question 35

Gastrin

Answer 35

Produced by g cells. It increases the motility and enzyme/acid production. It is released in response to proteins being in the stomach and when the stomach wall is stressed.

Question 36

CCK

Answer 36

Hormone produced by the duodenum in the presence of fats, acid and high osmosis you concentrations.. Cause the gall bladder to actively contract and the pancreas to increase enzyme secretion

Question 37

Secretin

Answer 37

Hormone produced by the duodenum that stimulates the bicarbonate solution in the pancreas. This neutralizes the acid in the stomach creating carbon dioxide.

Question 38

Villi

Answer 38

Finger-like projections into the lumen of the small intestine

Question 39

Micro villi

Answer 39

Folds found on the villi that increase surface area

Question 40

Found in villi:

Answer 40

Blood and lymph capillaries

Question 41

Lymph:

Answer 41

one way drainage system that drains fluid away from tissues

Question 42

Serosa:

Answer 42

Outer most layer of the small intestine. Connective tissue.

Question 43

Muscularis:

Answer 43

Smooth muscle cells that contract allowing the small intestine to be motile

Question 44

Sub-mucosa

Answer 44

Contains lymph and blood capillaries

Question 45

Mucosa:

Answer 45

Layer of epithelial and mucous cells