Federalism Vocab Flashcards
system of government that divides power between a national government and a state government
Federalism
Separation of government authority into 3 branches (legislative, executive, and judicial)
Division of powers
Specific authorities given to federal government by the constitution
Delegated powers
Specific powers of U.S. government that are explicitly stated in Constitution
Expressed Powers
Not explicitly granted in constitution but inherented naturally because you’re a state or entity
Inherent powers
Powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but necessary to carry out expressed powers (e.g., creating a national bank).
Implied powers
Powers that only the federal government can exercise (e.g., printing money, declaring war).
exclusive powers
Powers shared by both the state and federal governments (e.g., taxing, making laws).
Concurrent powers
Powers that the Constitution reserves for the states (e.g., regulating education, issuing licenses).
Reserved powers
A law passed by Congress allowing a territory to draft a state constitution as part of the process of joining the Union.
Enabling Act
A law passed by Congress that officially makes a territory a U.S. state.
Act of admission
Federal money or resources given to states or local governments for specific projects or programs.
Grants-in-Aid Program
A past system where the federal government gave a portion of its tax revenue to state and local governments with few restrictions.
Revenue sharing
Federal money given to states with strict rules on how it must be used (e.g., school lunches).
Categorical grant
Federal money given to states for a broad purpose with fewer restrictions (e.g., public health programs).
Block grant
Federal money awarded based on applications for specific projects (e.g., medical research grants).
Project grant
An agreement between two or more states, approved by Congress (e.g., water resource management).
Interstate compact
A constitutional rule requiring states to recognize and respect each other’s laws, records, and court rulings (e.g., marriage licenses).
Full Faith and Credit clause
The process of returning a fugitive from one state to another where they are accused of a crime.
Extradition
A constitutional rule preventing states from discriminating against citizens of other states (e.g., allowing out-of-state citizens to travel freely).
Privileges and immunities clause
