Federalism Flashcards
unitary gov’t
centralized power
confederation
dominant power held by the states
10th Amendment
all powers not specifically delegated to nat’l gov’t or denied to the states are reserved for states and the people
dual federalism, dual sovereignty
state and national gov’t perform their own sphere of tasks and power
states’ rights
infringement on states’ powers by federal gov’t is unconstitutional
which amendment supports states’s rights?
10th undelegated powers are reserved to the states
which branch interprets spheres of government?
supreme court
cooperative federalism
what are areas in which cooperation is necessary?
federal and state functions are not clearly defined. cooperation is often needed in instances such as
drug enforcement
education
1965 Voting Rights Act
prohibits voting discrimination (literacy tests, poll taxes)
mandate:
official order to do something
condition of aid
ex:
federal rules attached to grants received by the states
21 drinking age, 55 highway limit
most powerful tool federal gov’t has with states?
money
grant-in-aid
federal funding to states
Morrill Act of 1862
states received large tracts of land to establish agriculture
categorical grant
2 types
grant for a specific purpose–medicaid, food stamps,
- project grant: awarded based on competitive applications (mainly go to individuals)
- formula grants: go to states that qualify based on legislative requirements
block grant, and examples:
more general grant, for mental health, community service, mass transit, job training
still subject to federal mandates
Federalism under LBJ
what did he believe?
what social programs were enacted?
where did he direct more money?
the federal gov could solve society’s probs
war on poverty and medicare
to cities and non governmental agencies
New Federalism under NIX— objective?
ex of revenue sharing funds:
give more powa to the states
tax money returned to the states, who could decide which programs to fund
what mandates did Nix impose?
OSHA (occupational health and safety administration) and Clean air act
Federalism under Raegon. objective?
example:
give states more powa
reduce federal domestic spending
encourage states to take over programs such as food stamps and direct welfare payments
what did states do when federal spending was cut during Reagon years?
raised taxes
privatized services
cutting programs
unfunded mandate
federal requirement upon states w/ no money provided
how did americans view federalism in 1994?
3/4 thought fed was too powerful
