Federalism

Question 1

Unitary System

Answer 1

system of government where sovereignty is fully vested in the national government, and not states

Question 2

Confederation

Answer 2

system of government where state governments are sovereign, and the national government can do only what the states permit

Question 2

Cooperative federalism

Answer 2

described as a marble cake where programs and authority are mixed among national, state, and local governments (current U.S. government)

Question 3

Denied Powers

Answer 3

small list of items in the U.S. Constitution that states or the Congress cannot perform under any circumstances

Question 3

Dual Federalism

Answer 3

described as a layer cake where programs and authority are clearly divided between national, state, and local governments (first half of American history)

Question 3

Enumerated/Expressed/Delegated Powers

Answer 3

specific powers for the federal government that are explicitly granted by the Constitution

Question 4

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 4

division of powers between federal and state governments that revolves around spending, taxing, and providing grants (common in current U.S. government)

Question 5

Reserved Powers

Answer 5

items that are not directly addressed by the U.S. Constitution, and are therefore left for the state governments or people

Question 6

Concurrent Powers

Answer 6

powers that are shared by both the federal and state government

Question 6

Inherent Powers

Answer 6

Powers that are necessary for the federal government to perform its duties, but are not explicitly stated in the Constitution

Question 7

Implied Powers

Answer 7

items that are not directly stated for the federal government, but can be implemented using the necessary and proper clause to assist in performing an expressed function

Question 7

Police Powers

Answer 7

authority granted to states to enact laws and regulations related to public health, safety, morals, and general welfare of citizens

Question 8

Grants in Aid

Answer 8

-a designated amount of money passed from the central government to a state government, local government, organization, or individual to fund a specific project

Question 8

Categorical Grants

Answer 8

funds from the central government with strict guidelines on the money can be spent

Question 8

Conditions of Aid

Answer 8

specific rules and requirements set by the central government that must be met before receiving a grant

Question 9

Project Grants

Answer 9

Money that is used to fund a specific project

Question 10

Nulification

Answer 10

doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state’s opinion, violates the Constitution

Question 10

Unfunded Mandates

Answer 10

requirement or regulation that is set by the central government without providing necessary funding or support for compliance

Question 10

Waiver

Answer 10

request by a state government, local government, organization, or individual to violate a mandate or conditions of aid without any penalty

Question 11

Block Grants

Answer 11

Funds from the central government that have a lot of flexibility on how the money can be spent

Question 12

Recall

Answer 12

attempt by citizens to remove a state or local official from office before a term expires

Question 13

Devolution

Answer 13

the process of shifting power, authority, and flexibility from the central government to the states

Question 13

Initiative

Answer 13

attempt by citizens to pass a new state or local law without direct participation by the legislative branch

Question 14

Referendum

Answer 14

attempt by citizens to remove a state or local law that the legislative branch has already passed