Federal Republic - AOL

Question 1

What was the aim of the Allies in the FRG in regards to the education system in 1945?

Answer 1

They wanted to remove Nazi influence and educate children for a democratic society. They shut down schools
to de-Nazify the curriculum and the teachers.

Question 2

What new period of struggle did the defeat of the Nazi’s bring for women in Germany?

Answer 2

• ‘Surplus women’. In 1948 there were 7.3 million more women in Germany than men
• Divorce rate rose sharply and in 1948 it was 80% higher than 1946

Question 3

How did women help to rebuild Germany?

Answer 3

In every way. They cleared rubble, built and did office work

Question 4

How did women the status of women remain the same from the Nazi era to the start of the FRG?

Answer 4

Not many involved in politics, the ideal woman was still a wife and mother
- Ministry of family affairs in 1953 provided wives and mothers with benefits to not work
- Parties like the CDU didn’t want to encourage women to work
- Civil code giving women legal freedom was not revised until 1958

Question 5

What was it like for women before the Civil code was revised in 1958?

Answer 5

Married women still needed their husbands permission to go to work and husbands had full control of the woman’s property on marriage

Question 6

How did the status of women between Nazi Germany and the start of the FRG change?

Answer 6

Adenauer made speeches about the importance of making more jobs available to women and making working conditions more equal
Article 3 of the Basic Law guaranteed unqualified equality under the law for all

Question 7

When was the Marriage and Family Law revised? What did this change?

Answer 7

1977, It gave women equal rights in marriage

Question 8

What did the revision of the Marriage and Family Law overturn?

Answer 8

The Civil Code Law that said women could only work if it didn’t interfere with the role as a wife or mother which had been in force since 1900

Question 9

When was the Action Council for Women’s Liberation set up in West Berlin?

Answer 9

January 1968

Question 10

What did the Action Council for Women’s Liberation do?

Answer 10

Began with practical action setting up day care centres and organising a campaign with nursery school teachers to get the government to change the way day care and schools were run

Question 11

What did more radical and women-focused groups target?

Answer 11

Paragraph 218 and Abortion rights

Question 12

Paragraph 218

Answer 12

Established in 1871 making it a crime for women to seek abortions

Question 13

What was the role and status of women like by 1989?

Answer 13

Clear demarcation in thinking between mothers and working women, highlighted by unification

Question 14

What did the Allies have to initially change about the education system?

Answer 14

Focusing on pre-uni education and taking Nazi’s out of universities. Removing Nazi teachers and textbooks

Question 15

How did the Länder handle the teaching of German history?

Answer 15

used dry and factual teachings of mainly European history

Question 16

What was the educational crisis in the FRG?

Answer 16

There was concern that the university system failed to serve students needs, facilities were inadequate, the curriculum was old fashioned (not teaching tech or economics)

Question 17

What aspects of cultural tension were easy to deal with?

Answer 17

Removing Nazi controls and reintroducing ‘degenerate’ culture that was banned
Re-establishing a free press

Question 18

What aspects of cultural tension were hard to deal with?

Answer 18

Retaining culture that the Nazi’s approved

Question 19

Which social movements from the 1950’s onwards were supported by all ages?

Answer 19

• Anti-nuclear movement
• ecological and alternative lifestyle
• Rejecting consumerism and desire for a peaceful society

Question 20

How were there generational tensions?

Answer 20

Younger generations wanted to confront the past and older generations wanted to see 1945 as year zero
Older people wanted traditional culture and a consumerist lifestyle and younger generation wanted less consumerism and a mixed culture

Question 21

What was employment in the FRG like by 1955 and what did this make the government want to do?

Answer 21

More or less full employment , making the government to want to recruit workers from abroad

Question 22

Why did unions dislike the idea of the government recruiting workers from abroad?

Answer 22

There was already a lot of foreign workers in the country and they believed it would force wages down and undercut existing coworkers by accepting less favourable conditions

Question 23

What did the government guarantee on the terms they could invite foreign workers?

Answer 23

non-German workers given the same wages and they agreed to give preference to German workers when hiring.

Question 24

What was set up in Nuremberg to run offices in the countries that WG had labour recruitment treaties?

Answer 24

A Federal Office of Labour Recruitment

Question 25

What was the process that for foreign workers coming to get employment in Germany?

Answer 25

Had a physical examination to make sure they were fit for work, signed a contract for a year and the employer provided basic accommodation in dorms or outside of towns cutting them off from the community

Question 26

What did the Foreign Labour Programme favour?

Answer 26

20-40 year old men doing heavy manual labour

Question 27

Rather than taking work from germans what did the foreign labour programme do?

Answer 27

Taking jobs that germans were happy to leave for other work

Question 28

Between 1961 and 1973 how many germans switched from industrial and agricultural work to white collar jobs?

Answer 28

three million

Question 29

What did ‘illegal ‘ foreign workers do?

Answer 29

Arrived without a work permit or a job and took the worst jobs possible for low wages with no provided accommodation

Question 30

What does the name ‘guest worker’ imply?

Answer 30

Underlines the german attitude that they were temporary and didn’t have the rights of German citizens

Question 31

What organisations supported the guest workers?

Answer 31

Church organisations
- Catholic Organisation Caritas
- Protestant organisation Diakonisches Werk

Question 32

What caused hostility against guest workers?

Answer 32

The recession of 1966, The oil crisis of 1970s

Question 33

What form did hostility against guest workers take in the 1966 recession?

Answer 33

Landlords refused to take guest workers as tenants, helping confine them to the poorest areas
right wing groups hostility