Federal Republic - AOL Flashcards
What was the aim of the Allies in the FRG in regards to the education system in 1945?
They wanted to remove Nazi influence and educate children for a democratic society. They shut down schools
to de-Nazify the curriculum and the teachers.
What new period of struggle did the defeat of the Naziâs bring for women in Germany?
- âSurplus womenâ. In 1948 there were 7.3 million more women in Germany than men
- Divorce rate rose sharply and in 1948 it was 80% higher than 1946
How did women help to rebuild Germany?
In every way. They cleared rubble, built and did office work
How did women the status of women remain the same from the Nazi era to the start of the FRG?
Not many involved in politics, the ideal woman was still a wife and mother
- Ministry of family affairs in 1953 provided wives and mothers with benefits to not work
- Parties like the CDU didnât want to encourage women to work
- Civil code giving women legal freedom was not revised until 1958
What was it like for women before the Civil code was revised in 1958?
Married women still needed their husbands permission to go to work and husbands had full control of the womanâs property on marriage
How did the status of women between Nazi Germany and the start of the FRG change?
Adenauer made speeches about the importance of making more jobs available to women and making working conditions more equal
Article 3 of the Basic Law guaranteed unqualified equality under the law for all
When was the Marriage and Family Law revised? What did this change?
1977, It gave women equal rights in marriage
What did the revision of the Marriage and Family Law overturn?
The Civil Code Law that said women could only work if it didnât interfere with the role as a wife or mother which had been in force since 1900
When was the Action Council for Womenâs Liberation set up in West Berlin?
January 1968
What did the Action Council for Womenâs Liberation do?
Began with practical action setting up day care centres and organising a campaign with nursery school teachers to get the government to change the way day care and schools were run
What did more radical and women-focused groups target?
Paragraph 218 and Abortion rights
Paragraph 218
Established in 1871 making it a crime for women to seek abortions
What was the role and status of women like by 1989?
Clear demarcation in thinking between mothers and working women, highlighted by unification
What did the Allies have to initially change about the education system?
Focusing on pre-uni education and taking Naziâs out of universities. Removing Nazi teachers and textbooks
How did the LĂ€nder handle the teaching of German history?
used dry and factual teachings of mainly European history
What was the educational crisis in the FRG?
There was concern that the university system failed to serve students needs, facilities were inadequate, the curriculum was old fashioned (not teaching tech or economics)
What aspects of cultural tension were easy to deal with?
Removing Nazi controls and reintroducing âdegenerateâ culture that was banned
Re-establishing a free press
What aspects of cultural tension were hard to deal with?
Retaining culture that the Naziâs approved
Which social movements from the 1950âs onwards were supported by all ages?
- Anti-nuclear movement
- ecological and alternative lifestyle
- Rejecting consumerism and desire for a peaceful society
How were there generational tensions?
Younger generations wanted to confront the past and older generations wanted to see 1945 as year zero
Older people wanted traditional culture and a consumerist lifestyle and younger generation wanted less consumerism and a mixed culture
What was employment in the FRG like by 1955 and what did this make the government want to do?
More or less full employment , making the government to want to recruit workers from abroad
Why did unions dislike the idea of the government recruiting workers from abroad?
There was already a lot of foreign workers in the country and they believed it would force wages down and undercut existing coworkers by accepting less favourable conditions
What did the government guarantee on the terms they could invite foreign workers?
non-German workers given the same wages and they agreed to give preference to German workers when hiring.
What was set up in Nuremberg to run offices in the countries that WG had labour recruitment treaties?
A Federal Office of Labour Recruitment
What was the process that for foreign workers coming to get employment in Germany?
Had a physical examination to make sure they were fit for work, signed a contract for a year and the employer provided basic accommodation in dorms or outside of towns cutting them off from the community
What did the Foreign Labour Programme favour?
20-40 year old men doing heavy manual labour
Rather than taking work from germans what did the foreign labour programme do?
Taking jobs that germans were happy to leave for other work
Between 1961 and 1973 how many germans switched from industrial and agricultural work to white collar jobs?
three million
What did âillegal â foreign workers do?
Arrived without a work permit or a job and took the worst jobs possible for low wages with no provided accommodation
What does the name âguest workerâ imply?
Underlines the german attitude that they were temporary and didnât have the rights of German citizens
What organisations supported the guest workers?
Church organisations
- Catholic Organisation Caritas
- Protestant organisation Diakonisches Werk
What caused hostility against guest workers?
The recession of 1966, The oil crisis of 1970s
What form did hostility against guest workers take in the 1966 recession?
Landlords refused to take guest workers as tenants, helping confine them to the poorest areas
right wing groups hostility
