Federal Judicial Powers - Organization & Jurisdiction

Question 1

What was the rule of law that came from Palmore v. U.S.?

Answer 1

Congress is not required to provide an Article III court for the trial of criminal cases under its laws applicable only in DC

Because DC is not a state, Congress creates laws in DC, so, they can create non-article III courts to enforce them via the ordain and establish clause

Question 2

Which branch of the government creates non-article III courts?

Answer 2

Congress/Legislative branch

Question 3

How is Congress able to create non-article III courts?

Answer 3

Through the ordain and establish clause

Question 4

What are 4 examples of non-article III courts?

Answer 4

1. Military Tribunals
2. DC
3. Territorial Courts (Puerto Rico & Guam)
4. Agency adjudication - cases involving public rights (like social security)