Fed Gov (national Security)

Question 1

Originally, collective security meant that all nations would join together to guarantee each other’s “territorial integrity and existing political independence” against “external aggression” by any nation.
Who’s idea was this?

Answer 1

This was the idea behind the League of Nations, established in 1919.

Question 2

The Security Council, with 11 member nations, 5 of them being permanent members—the United States, the Soviet Union (whose membership is now held by Russia), Britain, France, and China

Answer 2

and each having the power to veto any action by the Security Council.

Question 3

headed by a secretary general with a staff at United Nations headquarters in New York.

Answer 3

The Secretariat

Question 4

The Security Council has the “primary responsibility” for maintaining

Answer 4

international peace and security.”

Question 5

The General Assembly has authority over

Answer 5

any matter affecting the peace of the world,” although it is supposed to defer to the Security Council when the council has already taken up a particular security matter.

Question 6

No nation has a veto in the General Assembly; every nation has one vote regardless of its size/power.

Answer 6

Note

Question 7

During the Cold War, the UN was overshadowed by the confrontation of the world’s two superpowers:

Answer 7

the United States and the Soviet Union.

Question 8

In response to aggressive Soviet movies in Europe, the United States and the democracies of Western Europe created the

Answer 8

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

Question 9

When Soviet-backed communist forces threatened Greece and Turkey in 1947, President Harry S. Truman responded with a pledge to “support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures,” a policy that has become known as the

Answer 9

Truman Doctrine

Question 10

Communism needed to be isolated so it wouldn’t spread to other nations . In an influential article in the Council on Foreign Relations’ journal Foreign Affairs, the State Department’s Russia expert George F. Kennan called for a policy of

Answer 10

Containment

Question 11

To implement the containment policy, the United States first initiated the _____ to rebuild the economies of the Western European nations.

Answer 11

Marshall Plan

Question 12

The most serious threat of nuclear holocaust during the entire Cold War was the

Answer 12

Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question 13

To maintain nuclear peace during the Cold War, the United States relied primarily on the policy of

Answer 13

Deterrence

Question 14

is based on the notion that a nation can dissuade a rational enemy from attacking by maintaining the capacity to destroy the enemy’s homeland even after the nation has suffered a well-executed surprise attack by the enemy.

Answer 14

Deterrence

Question 15

Deterrence assumes that the worst may happen—a surprise first strike against a nation’s nuclear forces. It emphasizes_______—the ability of a nation’s forces to survive a surprise attack by the enemy and then to inflict an unacceptable level of destruction on the enemy’s homeland. Deterrence is really a psychological defense against attack; no effective physical defense against a ballistic missile attack exists even today.

Answer 15

second-strike capability

Question 16

is a political act. The deliberate targeting of civilians, the infliction of widespread destruction, and the resulting media portrayals of the pain and suffering of victims are designed to call attention to political grievances and to instill fear in people. (The Latin root of the term terrere means “to frighten.”)

Answer 16

Terrorism

Question 17

the purposes of “Operation Iraqi Freedom” as

Answer 17

1) the elimination of Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction,
2) a “regime change” for Iraq to end the threat that Saddam posed for his neighbors and to free the Iraqi people from his oppressive rule, and
3) to ensure that Saddam would not harbor or assist terrorist organizations.