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AUBF LEC > Fecalysis > Flashcards

Fecalysis Flashcards

1
Q

contains bacteria, cellulose, undigested foodstuffs, GI secretions, bile pigments, cells from the intestinal walls, electrolytes, and water

A

Normal fecal specimen

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2
Q

approximately excreted in a 24-hour period

A

100-200 g of feces

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3
Q

primary source of final breakdown.

A

Small intestine

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4
Q

Digestive enzymes secreted into the small intestine by the pancreas include

A

trypsin, chymotrypsin, amino peptidase, and lipase.

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5
Q

Only about ___ mL of ingested fluid is excreted in the feces

A

150 mL of ingested fluid

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6
Q

An increase in daily stool weight above 200g.

A

Diarrhea

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7
Q

Increase liquidity of stools.

A

Diarrhea

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8
Q

Frequency of more than three times per day.

A

Diarrhea

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9
Q

Types of Diarrhea

A

Acute and Chronic

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10
Q

Lasts less than 4 weeks

A

Acute Diarrhea

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11
Q

More than 4 weeks

A

Chronic Diarrhea

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12
Q

Caused by increased secretion of water.

A

SECRETORY DIARRHEA

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13
Q

Caused by poor absorption that exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa.

A

OSMOTIC DIARRHEA

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14
Q

Caused by Bacterial, viral, and
protozoan infections, drugs, stimulant laxatives, hormones, inflammatory bowel disease

A

SECRETORY DIARRHEA

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15
Q

Cause by:
- Disaccharidase deficiency (lactose intolerance)
- Malabsorption (celiac sprue)
- Poorly absorbed sugars (lactose,sorbitol, mannitol)
- Laxatives, magnesium-
containing antacids, amebiasis, and antibiotic administration.

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

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16
Q

is useful in diagnosing pancreatic insufficiency and small-bowel disorders that cause malabsorption.

A

Fecal fat

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17
Q

Used to distinguished steatorrhea in maldigestion & malabsorption.

A

D-XYLOSE TEST

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18
Q

Indicates a malabsorption condition

A

Low D-xylose

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19
Q

Indicates pancreatitis

A

Normal D-xylose

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20
Q

Excessive movement of intestinal contents through the GI tract.

A

INTESTINAL HYPERMOTILITY

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21
Q

Caused by Enteritis, the use of parasympathetic drugs, or with
complications of malabsorption.

A

INTESTINAL HYPERMOTILITY

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22
Q

Used for collecting random specimens

A

Plastic or glass containers with screw-tops similar to those used for urine specimens

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23
Q

For quantitative testing such as fecal fats.

A

Timed specimen

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24
Q

most representative sample.

A

3 day collection

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25
Q

due to intestinal oxidation of
stercobilinogen to urobilin.

A

Brown color stool

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26
Q

Separate hard lumps (severe constipation)

A

Type 1

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27
Q

Lumpy and sausage-like (mild constipation)

A

Type 2

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28
Q

A sausage shape with cracks in the surface (normal)

A

Type 3

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29
Q

Like a smooth soft sausage or snake (Normal)

A

Type 4

30
Q

Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (Lacking fiber)

A

Type 5

31
Q

Mushy consistency with ragged edges (Mild Diarrhea)

A

Type 6

32
Q

Liquid consistency with no solid pieces (Severe diarrhea)

A

Type 7

33
Q

Upper GI Bleeding Iron Therapy Charcoal
Bismuth (antacids)

A

Black

34
Q

Lower GI Bleeding Beets and food coloring Rifampin

A

Red

35
Q

Bile-duct obstruction Barium Sulfate

A

Pale Yellow, White, Gray

36
Q

Biliverdin/Oral Antibiotics Pancreatic disorders

A

Green

37
Q

Bile-duct obstruction Pancreatic disorders

A

Bulky/Frothy

38
Q

Intestinal constriction

A

Ribbon-like

39
Q

Colitis Dysentery Malignancy Constipation

A

Mucus of blood streaked mucus

40
Q

Specimens can be examined as wet preparations stained with methylene blue or as dried smears stained with Wright’s or Gram stain.

A

Leukocytes

41
Q

seen in the feces in conditions that affect the intestinal mucosa.

A

Neutrophils

42
Q

Available for detecting fecal leukocytes and remains sensitive in refrigerated and frozen specimens.

A

LACTOFERRIN LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST

43
Q

indicates invasive bacterial
pathogen

A

Lactoferrin

44
Q

Entire slide is examined for exactly 5 minutes.

A

Muscle fibers

45
Q

Number of red-stained fibers with well-preserved
striations is counted.

A

Muscle fibers

46
Q

have visible striations running both
vertically and horizontall

A

Undigested fibers

47
Q

exhibit striations in only one
direction.

A

Partially digested fibers

48
Q

No visible striations

A

Digested fibers

49
Q

presence of more than 10 is reported as

A

Increased

50
Q

Patients should be instructed to include red meat in their diet

A

Before collecting the specimen

51
Q

Specimens should be

A

examined within 24 hours of collection.

52
Q

Neutral fats (triglycerides), fatty acid salts (soaps), fatty acids, and cholesterol

A

Fecal fats

53
Q

Dyes used for staining in fecal fats

A

Sudan III, Sudan IV ,Oil red O

54
Q

most routinely used for staining.

A

Sudan III

55
Q

2 Parts of Staining Procedure

A

Neutral fat & Split fat

56
Q

More than 60 droplets/hpf can indicate steatorrhea

A

Neutral fats

57
Q

Both the number and size of the fat droplets must be considered

A

Split fat

58
Q

100 droplets measuring 1to 8 um

A

Slightly increased

59
Q

100 droplets measuring 6 to 75 um

A

increased, commonly seen in steatorrhea.

60
Q

Principle: Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin from hydrogen peroxide to oxidize guiac reagent

A

gFOBT

61
Q

Int: Blue color indicates gastrointestinal bleeding

A

gFOBT

62
Q

Principle: Uses polyclonal anti-human antibodies specific for the globin portion of human hemoglobin.

A

iFOBT

63
Q

Int: Positive test and control lines indicate GI bleeding.

A

iFOBT

64
Q

Principle: Addition of sodium hydroxide to hemoglobin- containing emulsion determines presence of maternal or fetal blood.

A

APT Test

65
Q

Int: Pink color indicates presence of fetal blood

A

APT test

66
Q

Principle: Emulsified specimen placed on x-ray paper determines ability to digest gelatin.

A

Trypsin

67
Q

Int: Inability to digest gelatin indicates lack of trypsin.

A

Trypsin

68
Q

Principle: Immunoassay using an ELISA test

A

Elastase I

69
Q

Int: Sensitive indicator of
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

A

Elastase I

70
Q

Principle: Addition of Clinitest tablet to emulsified stool detects presence of reducing substances

A

Clinitest

71
Q

Int: Reaction of 0.5 g/dL reducing substances suggests carbohydrate intolerance.

A

Clinitest

AUBF LEC (3 decks)

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