february rev Flashcards
Russia’s population size 1900
126 million
what did the government insist on?
russiafication- national language is russian
what timeframe did russia’s population become increasingly unionised?
how many workers on strike 1914?
1906-1914
887,000
what did the 1905 revolution lead to?
what was a limitation of this?
October manifesto created a national parliament called the duma
had limited power, couldnt make laws
who was the tsars head of government?
what was his policy?
how many people did his courts find guilty? of what crimes?
Russia’s prison population increase and dates?
hangmans noose was known as…
what years were they in charge?
Pyotr Stolypin
cautial reform and brutal suppression 37,620-political crimes 98,000-250,000 stolyin's necktie 1906-1911
who was the stars had of police?
how many agents did he have in revoutionary groups in 1913?
Trusevich
94
how many times did the government attempt to shut down pravda 1912-1914?
8
army positives- size and reform?
1.4 million soldiers and 3 million reservists
1908 military reforms attempted to modernise the army
army-negatives:(3)
incompetent generals held senior positions due to their family ties and not merit
army was the most uneducated in europe
underdeveloped industry-arms production was inefficient and caused setbacks
two main failures of the first world war and dates:
Battle of Tannenburg was a failure that led to the great defeat in 1915
Brusilov offensive in 1916 was also a failure
economy during ww1 inflation in total and date? price of flour increase: petrograd... army...
1917- inflation had reached 200%
price of flour increased by 500%
the city of petrograd was only receiving 48% of its total grain requirements
the army was forced to reduce the rations from 4000-2000 calories a day
economy during ww1(2) between what dates did Petrograd's population rise and by how much? when did the munitions crisis start? what were the artillery limited to? what system began to struggle?
1914-1917, 600,000
mid 1915
3 shells per day
transport system- struggled to cope with the need for transport of troops, munitions and food.
discontent:
when did the tsar give himself the title____ __ ____ __ ___ ______ ____ _____.?
what rumours circulated in the absence of the Tsar?(2)
1915- commander in chief of the russian armed forces
that the tsar and tsarina were under the influence of rasputin
that the tsarina was a german spy
who had rasputin assassinated and when?
Prince felix yusupov in december 1916
what was the progressive bloc?
what did they demand
what was the tsars response
a political alliance of duma deputies
demanded a ‘government of confidence’ which managed the war effort effectively
tsar rejected this
by 1916 the value of workers real wages had___ __ ____
how many workers on strike in 1916
what effect did the war have on the countryside?
cut in half
880,000
young male peasants conscripted in large numbers-large drop in the rural workforce and horses requisitioned for the war
tsars abdication:
when did the government announce that bread rationing will begin?
when did women start protesting?
how many protestors all together in petrograd? when?
who refused to put down protest?
when did the tsar abdicate and for who ese, and why?
the gov announced that bread rationing will commence on the 1st of march.
23 february
200,000 in petrograd by 25 february
cossack troops
2nd march, hima nd his son who had severe haemophilia.
who was the prime minister of the provisional government?
what was dual power?
prince g.e. lvov
petrograd soviet shared power with pg
what was the petrograd soviet? why was this important?
role of intellectuals 1905-1917
represented the workers and soldiers of petrograd, the soviet delegates were regularly elected by workers and soldiers. delagates received the same pay as workers
this meant they had control over the garrisons, factories and railways.
in 1905, members of radical parties could only advise the soviet while in 1917 they could become full members
problems the PG faced: RD: workers: peasants: power of the pg:
revolutionary defensism: continuing the war to protect the revolution- economic issues
workers anted higher pay and shorter hours
peasants wanted to own the land they worked
limited power of the pg- it didnt represent the working classes, meaning it relied on the petrograd soviet to carry out its policies.
What did lenin promise in his april theses and what did he demand?
peace, bread and land
all power to the soviets
lenins initial impact(2)
marxists like tseretelli tought he was out of touch with the population
21 april lenin called for workers strikes which had little impact
lenin’s ‘positive’ impact
persuaded majority of bolsheviks to oppose the pg
lenins policies were attractive to the average worker
lenins april theses attracted revolutionaries like trootsky who were useful in the establishment of the bolshevik government
july days
pg launched a renewed attack on the austro-hungarian army- ‘june offensive’
complete disaster-led to mass desertions and serious breakdown in the russian army
kadet minister resiged 3rd july
bolsheviks involved in the encouragement of 70,000 armed protestors to surround the Touride palace where the pg resided.
attempts to disperse them led to 2 days of riots
prince lvov resigned, kerensky took over
