february rev

Question 1

Russia’s population size 1900

Answer 1

126 million

Question 2

what did the government insist on?

Answer 2

russiafication- national language is russian

Question 3

what timeframe did russia’s population become increasingly unionised?
how many workers on strike 1914?

Answer 3

1906-1914

887,000

Question 4

what did the 1905 revolution lead to?

what was a limitation of this?

Answer 4

October manifesto created a national parliament called the duma
had limited power, couldnt make laws

Question 5

who was the tsars head of government?

what was his policy?
how many people did his courts find guilty? of what crimes?
Russia’s prison population increase and dates?
hangmans noose was known as…
what years were they in charge?

Answer 5

Pyotr Stolypin

cautial reform and brutal suppression
37,620-political crimes
98,000-250,000
stolyin's necktie
1906-1911

Question 6

who was the stars had of police?

how many agents did he have in revoutionary groups in 1913?

Answer 6

Trusevich

94

Question 7

how many times did the government attempt to shut down pravda 1912-1914?

Answer 7

8

Question 8

army positives- size and reform?

Answer 8

1.4 million soldiers and 3 million reservists

1908 military reforms attempted to modernise the army

Question 9

army-negatives:(3)

Answer 9

incompetent generals held senior positions due to their family ties and not merit
army was the most uneducated in europe
underdeveloped industry-arms production was inefficient and caused setbacks

Question 10

two main failures of the first world war and dates:

Answer 10

Battle of Tannenburg was a failure that led to the great defeat in 1915
Brusilov offensive in 1916 was also a failure

Question 11

economy during ww1
inflation in total and date?
price of flour increase:
petrograd...
army...

Answer 11

1917- inflation had reached 200%
price of flour increased by 500%
the city of petrograd was only receiving 48% of its total grain requirements
the army was forced to reduce the rations from 4000-2000 calories a day

Question 12

economy during ww1(2)
between what dates did Petrograd's population rise and by how much?
when did the munitions crisis start?
what were the artillery limited to?
what system began to struggle?

Answer 12

1914-1917, 600,000
mid 1915
3 shells per day
transport system- struggled to cope with the need for transport of troops, munitions and food.

Question 13

discontent:
when did the tsar give himself the title____ __ ____ __ ___ ______ ____ _____.?
what rumours circulated in the absence of the Tsar?(2)

Answer 13

1915- commander in chief of the russian armed forces
that the tsar and tsarina were under the influence of rasputin
that the tsarina was a german spy

Question 14

who had rasputin assassinated and when?

Answer 14

Prince felix yusupov in december 1916

Question 15

what was the progressive bloc?
what did they demand
what was the tsars response

Answer 15

a political alliance of duma deputies
demanded a ‘government of confidence’ which managed the war effort effectively
tsar rejected this

Question 16

by 1916 the value of workers real wages had___ __ ____
how many workers on strike in 1916
what effect did the war have on the countryside?

Answer 16

cut in half
880,000
young male peasants conscripted in large numbers-large drop in the rural workforce and horses requisitioned for the war

Question 17

tsars abdication:
when did the government announce that bread rationing will begin?
when did women start protesting?
how many protestors all together in petrograd? when?
who refused to put down protest?
when did the tsar abdicate and for who ese, and why?

Answer 17

the gov announced that bread rationing will commence on the 1st of march.
23 february
200,000 in petrograd by 25 february
cossack troops
2nd march, hima nd his son who had severe haemophilia.

Question 18

who was the prime minister of the provisional government?

what was dual power?

Answer 18

prince g.e. lvov

petrograd soviet shared power with pg

Question 19

what was the petrograd soviet? why was this important?

role of intellectuals 1905-1917

Answer 19

represented the workers and soldiers of petrograd, the soviet delegates were regularly elected by workers and soldiers. delagates received the same pay as workers

this meant they had control over the garrisons, factories and railways.

in 1905, members of radical parties could only advise the soviet while in 1917 they could become full members

Question 20

problems the PG faced:
RD:
workers:
peasants:
power of the pg:

Answer 20

revolutionary defensism: continuing the war to protect the revolution- economic issues
workers anted higher pay and shorter hours
peasants wanted to own the land they worked
limited power of the pg- it didnt represent the working classes, meaning it relied on the petrograd soviet to carry out its policies.

Question 21

What did lenin promise in his april theses and what did he demand?

Answer 21

peace, bread and land

all power to the soviets

Question 22

lenins initial impact(2)

Answer 22

marxists like tseretelli tought he was out of touch with the population
21 april lenin called for workers strikes which had little impact

Question 23

lenin’s ‘positive’ impact

Answer 23

persuaded majority of bolsheviks to oppose the pg
lenins policies were attractive to the average worker
lenins april theses attracted revolutionaries like trootsky who were useful in the establishment of the bolshevik government

Question 24

july days

Answer 24

pg launched a renewed attack on the austro-hungarian army- ‘june offensive’
complete disaster-led to mass desertions and serious breakdown in the russian army
kadet minister resiged 3rd july
bolsheviks involved in the encouragement of 70,000 armed protestors to surround the Touride palace where the pg resided.
attempts to disperse them led to 2 days of riots
prince lvov resigned, kerensky took over

Question 25

kornilov coup

Answer 25

kornilov appointed to take control of the russian army
kornilov wanted to put petrograd under military control
kerensky refused and dismissed him as commander in chief
in august kornilov sent a detachment of troops to march on petrograd
kerensky armed the red gaurd to protect petrograd
troops never arrive

Question 26

role of trotsky
positions:
how did he prepare the mrc

Answer 26

chair of petrograd soviet
headed the mrc formed by mensheviks after the kornilov coup
used the pg’s attemps at shutting down bolshevik newsapers to create prepare the mrc for ‘defensive action’

Question 27

lenins influence on the cc
how many newspapers established
PS
vote

Answer 27

• encouraged establishment of 41 bolshevik newspapers nationally
• bols dominated the petrograd soviet
• return to petrograd 10th october- convinced cc to start revolution 10-2

Question 28

Attack on PG:
date
where
what ship

Answer 28

24 october
winter palace
the aurora shot a blank
arrested majority of pg

Question 29

when was the first all russian congress?
what was established?
who walked out of the congress in protest?
what decrees?

Answer 29

25 october 1917
sovnarkom
mensheviks and sr walked out making bols majority
decrees on peace and land