Febrile Seizures and Meningitis Flashcards
A transient occurrence of signs and symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
A. Seizure B. Epilepsy C. Generalized Seizure D. Focal Seizure E. None of the options
A. Seizure
Seizure has the highest incidence occurring in ________
A. Early childhood B. Adolescence C. Early adulthood D. Late adulthood E. Any of the options
E. Any of the options
5-10% of the population will have at least one seizure, with the highest incidence occurring in early childhood and late adulthood.
It describes a condition in which a person has a risk of recurrent seizures due to a chronic, underlying process.
A. Febrile seizure plus B. Epilepsy C. Generalized Seizure D. Focal Seizure E. None of the options
B. Epilepsy
It refers to two or more unprovoked seizures.
A. Febrile seizure plus B. Epilepsy C. Generalized Seizure D. Focal Seizure E. None of the options
B. Epilepsy
What part of the brain seizures affect?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Brain stem
A. Cerebrum
This originate within networks limited to one brain region.
A. Focal seizure B. Partial seizure C. Generalized seizure D. Unknown seizure E. Two of the options
A. Focal seizure
(Partial seizure is no longer used)
Generalized seizures arise within and rapidly engage networks distributed across both cerebral hemispheres.
Tonic clonic seizures are categorized under _______
A. Focal
B. Generalized
C. Unknown
D. Any of the options
B. Generalized
Unresponsiveness is a feature of what type of seizure?
A. Focal
B. Generalized
C. Unknown
D. Any of the options
A. Focal
The EEG of patients with focal seizures shows what pattern?
A. Epileptiform spikes
B. 3 Hz Spike wave
C. Sharp waves
D. Any of the options
D. Any of the options
The routine interictal (i.e. b/w seizures) EEG in patients with focal seizures is often normal or may show brief discharges termed epileptiform spikes, or sharp waves.
Focal seizures can arise from what part of the brain?
A. Medial temporal lobe B. Mesial temporal lobe C. Superior frontal lobe D. Inferior frontal lobe E. Any of the options
E. Any of the options
Because focal seizures can arise from the medial temporal lobe or inferior temporal lobe (regions distant from the scalp), the EEG recorded during the seizure may be nonlocalizing.
All of the following are motor manifestations of focal seizures EXCEPT
A. Tonic B. Tonic clonic C. Autonomic D. Myoclonic E. None of the options
C. Autonomic
Nonmotor manifestations (such as sensory, autonomic, or emotional symptoms)
Focal seizures manifest changes as changes in all of the following EXCEPT
A. Paresthesias B. Flashing lights C. Vertigo D. Piloerection E. None of the options
E. None of the options
Somatic sensation - Paresthesias
Vision - flashing lights or formed hallucinations
Equilibrium - Sensation of falling or vertigo
Autonomic function - Flushing, sweating, piloerection
All of the following internal events are referred to as auras EXCEPT
A. Depersonalization B. Deja vu C. Micropsia D. Macropsia E. None of the options
E. None of the options
Characterized by sudden, brief lapses of consciousness without loss of postural control
A. Atypical absence seizure B. Typical absence seizure C. Atonic seizure D. Myoclonic seizure E. Epileptic spasms
B. Typical Absence seizure
Lasts for only seconds
Consciousness returns suddently
Characterized by an EEG that shows a slow spike-and-slow-wave pattern with a frequency of <2.5 per second.
A. Atypical absence seizure B. Typical absence seizure C. Atonic seizure D. Myoclonic seizure E. Epileptic spasms
A. Atypical seizure
Lapse of consciousness is usually of longer duration
What is TRUE regarding seizures?
A. A focal seizure progressing to a generalized one is known as secondary generalized seizure
B. Recurrent provoked seizure is known as epilepsy
C. Seizures are always generalized
D. Focal and partial seizures are not related to each other
E. A provoked seizure such as due to alcohol withdrawal is a form of epilepsy
A. A focal seizure progressing to a generalized one is known as secondary generalized seizure
An absence seizure presents …?
A. as an unresponsive staring lasting several seconds, followed by immediate recovery
B. with automatisms
C. with tongue biting
D. with the tonic extension of all extremities followed by clonic jerking
E. usually in middle age
A. as an unresponsive staring lasting several seconds, followed by immediate recovery
What increases the risk of progression to epilepsy in a child with febrile seizures?
A. Family history of epilepsy B. Generalized seizures C. Onset before age 6 months D. More than one febrile seizure E. Delivery after due date
A. Family history of epilepsy
What feature is most likely seen with absence seizures?
A. Chewing and automatisms B. Tonic-clonic movements C. Nocturnal seizures D. Hemifacial clonic movements E. 3Hz spike-and-wave pattern on EEG
E. 3Hz spike-and-wave pattern on EEG
What part of the brain is most commonly source of complex partial seizures?
A. Brainstem B. Frontal lobe C. Parietal lobe D. Temporal lobe E. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
What temperature is considered as fever in an infant?
A. >38C B. >37.8C C. >37.9C D. >38.1C E. >38.2C
A. >38C
Adults =
A 7 month old child is brought to the ER after a single febrile seizure. The mother is concerned about the chances of another episode. What is the risk of another episode in this child?
A. Less than 5% B. 20% C. 30% D. 50% E. More than 90%
D. 50%
Which of the following situations of febrile seizures requires emergency care? When the …
A. child seizes for more than 1min B. child seizes for more than 3min C. father has a history of febrile seizures D. child becomes cyanotic E. child sleeps more than usual
D. child becomes cyanotic
What is the most important test in diagnosing epilepsy?
A. Blood tests B. Lumbar puncture C. EEG D. MRI E. CT Scan
C. EEG
