Features of the Periodic Table Flashcards
Which group/s are transition metals are found in?
Groups 3-12
Are Alkali metals reactive?
Yes, especially with water
Which rows are transition metals found in the periodic table?
The bottom 2 rows of the periodic table
What is the second element of the periodic table?
helium
What is the first element of the periodic table?
Hydrogen
What is the third element of the periodic table?
Lithium
What is the fourth element of the periodic table?
Beryllium
What is the fifth element of the periodic table?
Boron
How many elements are in the periodic table?
118
How many electrons are in sodium?
11
What is the sixth element in the periodic table?
Carbon (C)
What is the seventh element in the periodic table?
Nitrogen (N)
What is the eighth element in the periodic table?
Oxygen (O)
What is the ninth element in the periodic table?
Fluorine (F)
What is the tenth element in the periodic table?
Neon (Ne)
What is the eleventh element in the periodic table?
Sodium (Na)
What is the twelfth element in the periodic table?
Magnesium (Mg)
What is the seventh element in the periodic table?
Nitrogen (N)
What is the eighth element in the periodic table?
Oxygen (O)
What is the ninth element in the periodic table?
Fluorine (F)
What is the tenth element in the periodic table?
Neon (Ne)
What is the eleventh element in the periodic table?
Sodium (Na)
What is the twelfth element in the periodic table?
Magnesium (Mg)
What is the thirteenth element in the periodic table?
Aluminium (Al)
What is the fourteenth element in the periodic table?
Silicon (Si)
What is the fifteenth element in the periodic table?
Phosphorus (P)
What is the sixteenth element in the periodic table?
Sulfur (S)
What is the seventeenth element in the periodic table?
Chlorine (Cl)
What is the eighteenth element in the periodic table?
Argon (Ar)
What is the nineteenth element in the periodic table?
Potassium (K)
What is the twentieth element in the periodic table?
Calcium (Ca)
Where are the Alkali metals located in the periodic table?
The Alkali metals are located in Group 1, which is the first column on the far left of the periodic table. They include elements like Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K).
Where are the Alkaline earth metals located in the periodic table?
The Alkaline earth metals are located in Group 2
Where are the Transition metals located in the periodic table?
The Transition metals are located in the central block of the periodic table, spanning Groups 3 to 12.
Where are the Lanthanides located in the periodic table?
The Lanthanides are located in the f-block, typically shown below the main body of the periodic table
how do you find out the protons
- Protons
Protons are found by looking at the atomic number of the element.
The atomic number tells you how many protons are in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
Example: If the element is Carbon (C), its atomic number is 6. So, Carbon has 6 protons.
how do you find out the protons electrons
- Electrons
In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
So, if an element has 6 protons, it also has 6 electrons.
If the atom is ionized (charged), the number of electrons will differ from the number of protons. For example, a negatively charged ion (anion) has more electrons, and a positively charged ion (cation) has fewer electrons.
how do you find out neutrons
- Neutrons
The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass number (also called mass number).
Formula:
Neutrons
=
AtomicMassNumber
−
AtomicNumber
Neutrons=AtomicMassNumber−AtomicNumber
Example:
For Carbon-12 (the most common isotope of Carbon):
Atomic number = 6 (so 6 protons and 6 electrons)
Atomic mass = 12
Neutrons = 12 - 6 = 6 neutrons
What are anions
Anions
Definition: An anion is a negatively charged ion. This happens when an atom gains electrons.
Why it happens: Gaining electrons means the atom has more electrons than protons, creating a negative charge.
Example:
Chlorine (Cl) can form an anion (Cl⁻) by gaining one electron:
Cl
+
e
−
→
Cl
−
Cl+e
−
→Cl
−
Chlorine (Cl) originally has 17 electrons and 17 protons. After gaining one electron, it has 18 electrons and 17 protons, making it a negatively charged ion (Cl⁻).
Examples of common anions:
Cl⁻ (Chloride ion)
O²⁻ (Oxide ion)
SO₄²⁻ (Sulfate ion)
what are cations
- Cations
Definition: A cation is a positively charged ion. This happens when an atom loses electrons.
Why it happens: Losing electrons means the atom has more protons than electrons, creating a positive charge.
Example:
Sodium (Na) can form a cation (Na⁺) by losing one electron:
Na
→
Na
+
+
e
−
Na→Na
+
+e
−
In this case, Sodium (Na) originally has 11 electrons and 11 protons. After losing one electron, it has 10 electrons and 11 protons, making it a positively charged ion (Na⁺).
Examples of common cations:
Na⁺ (Sodium ion)
Ca²⁺ (Calcium ion)
Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ (Iron ion, with different charges depending on how many electrons are lost)
anions
negative
cations
positive
Define Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. An atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals or electron shells.
Define Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom, characterized by its atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus). Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Define Proton
A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons in an atom determines the element’s atomic number and identity.
Define Neutron
A neutral (no charge) subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons, along with protons, contribute to the atom’s mass.
Define Electron
A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom in electron shells. Electrons play a key role in chemical bonding and reactions.
What is atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
define atomic mass
The weighted average mass of an atom of an element, considering the different isotopes and their relative abundance.
Periods
Horizontal rows in the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells, but they vary in properties as you move across a period.
Groups
Vertical columns in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost electron shell
Properties of metals
Metals
Location in the Periodic Table: Found on the left and in the center of the periodic table (Groups 1-12, and parts of Groups 13-16).
Physical Properties:
Shiny appearance (luster)
Good conductors of heat and electricity (high electrical and thermal conductivity)
Malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets)
Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
High melting and boiling points
Usually solid at room temperature (except for Mercury, which is a liquid)
Properties on non-metals
Location in the Periodic Table: Found on the right side of the periodic table (Groups 14-18) and include elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and the halogens.
Physical Properties:
Dull appearance (lack of luster)
Poor conductors of heat and electricity (low conductivity)
Brittle in solid form (breaks or shatters easily)
Low melting and boiling points
Can exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature (e.g., Oxygen is a gas, Bromine is a liquid, Carbon is a solid)
Metalloids
- Metalloids
Location in the Periodic Table: Found along the zig-zag line that divides metals and non-metals, often referred to as the “staircase.” Elements like Silicon (Si), Boron (B), and Arsenic (As) are metalloids.
Physical Properties:
Shiny or dull appearance (they can have properties of both metals and non-metals)
Semi-conductors of electricity (they are good conductors under certain conditions, making them useful in electronics)
Brittle like non-metals (not malleable or ductile)
Intermediate melting and boiling points
