Features

Question 1

2 Features of the Naval Race

Answer 1

• Germany wanting to improve their Navy, built tons of battleships and submarines
• Competition between Germany and Britain, both had intense competitions, led to Britain making ‘Dreadnought’ and Germany in response making ‘Rhineland’

Question 2

2 Features of the Schlieffen Plan

Answer 2

• Intended to fix the problem of Germany having to fight 2 battles on 2 fronts simultaneously, involved splitting army and taking care of France first by sending troops through Belgium (neutral) angered nations, in order to flank France then defeat France and send troops to Russia which supposedly would take time to mobilise and defeat them
• Based on assumptions, Russia will take long to mobilise completely and that Belgium would not put up a fight when Germany troops attempt to enter France through Belgium

Question 3

2 Features of the Hundred Days Offensive

Answer 3

• Was an offensive launched by the Allies to end the war, backed by American supplies and troops, Britain, France and America pushed back Germany, American help meant air force was strengthened, one feature is the preparedness of the Allies
• It was a success and ultimately decided the outcome of the war and pushed back Germany and the Central Powers

Question 4

2 Features of US involvement in the war

Answer 4

• One feature was that it helped decide the overall outcome of war when it sent supplies and troops to France to help win the war
• Another feature of US involvement is that the equipment and supplies it sent help built the French transport system so more men and supplies can be delivered with ease

Question 5

2 Features of the Gallipoli campaign

Answer 5

• One feature is that its aim was to reduce the stalemate on the Western front, so the Allies attacked the Ottoman Empire which blocked supplies reaching Russia and so neighbouring countries like Bulgaria would join war and fight Germany
• Another feature was that Britain and its allies lost to the Ottoman troops as they were well prepared and resisted the Allied forces

Question 6

2 Features of the Armistice

Answer 6

• It was signed by the new Weimar government of Germany as the Kaiser abdicated, a Bavarian and socialist republic was set up which signed the armistice Nov 11 1914
• Another feature is that Germany was forced to sign it essentially as they ran out of supplies and morale was low and to avoid invasion they had to sign the Armistice, influenza was also affecting the populations, there were revolutions and unrest

Question 7

2 Features of the Battle of Amiens(part of the hundred days offensive)

Answer 7

• One feature was the preparedness of the Allies as they had more troops and were well equipped, lots of artillery was also used, aerial photography was used
• Another feature of the battle of Amiens was that it was an Allied victory, captured several enemy troops leading to low German morale, led to Kaiser eventually realising Germany’s loss

Question 8

2 Features of the Ludendorff Offensive/Operation Michael

Answer 8

• One feature was that Germany was well prepared and it was a last resort push on the Western front, begun its march and powerful bombardment and use of chemical gases
• Another feature was that it seemed successful but it wasn’t, there were lots of planning issues, Ludendorff sent too many men into France and had no backup, offensive moved too quickly overwhelming Germany and leading to an easy comeback for France

Question 9

2 Features of Submarine Warfare

Answer 9

• One feature was its aim, Germany did not want to challenge the great British navy but wanted to weaken them, it seemed like a success as they were successful in creating a blockade but this was soon overturned as only a small portion of British ships were actually sunk
• Another feature was that when Germany created U-boats which sunk hundreds of thousands of tonnes of allied shipping, so it was a partial success as it reduced supplies to Britain, but Britain managed to ration very well

Question 10

2 features of the Battle of Jutland

Answer 10

• One was that both sides were very well prepared German navy was quite good and seemed comparable to the British navy
• Another feature was that there wasn’t a clear outcome as Germany has U-boats which had created lots of value and damage and men killed, but it did confirm British naval dominance as the Germany basically gave up at one point and their fleet never left the port

Question 11

2 Features of Dogger Bank

Answer 11

• One was that British were skilled in decoding messages which allowed them to prepare for battle ahead of time, leading to surprise attacks launched by the British
• Another feature were the consequences on the German side, as they lost a ship and several men while the British had very minimal casualties

Question 12

2 Features of the Battle of Passchendaele

Answer 12

• One feature was Haig’s bad leadership, although warned he continued to fight and ordered bombardment which led to lots of mud being formed and soldiers getting stuck and poor conditions
• Another feature was its consequences, the Allies won after lots of fighting and gained Passchendaele but had more casualties than Germans

Question 13

2 Features of the July Days

Answer 13

• One feature of the July days was Serbia’s refusal of Austria-Hungary’s terms after assassination of Franz Ferdinand, leading to Austria-Hungary who sent a list of impossible demands and declaring war on them
• Another feature was how it led to German and Russian involvement and WW1 and also France, this further led to Britain’s involvement because of Germany’s invasion of Belgium

Question 14

2 Features of Trench life

Answer 14

• One feature was that trench life was quite different during the day and night, during the day under the bright sun not much happened so boredom was a problem, soldiers had repair trenches and keep guard, night people had to be quite alert
• Another feature was the terrible living conditions, trench feet, bacteria, smell, infections, rats, pests, dead bodies, etc.

Question 15

2 Features of Deadlock on the western front

Answer 15

• One feature was the failure of the Schlieffen plan, once the advancement was stopped trenches were dug from Switzerland to the sea, the Germans generally dug in at places that were difficult to attack
• Another feature was the strength of the defences, as trench systems were had to attack due to barbed wire and sandbags and machine guns

Question 16

2 Features of Trench systems

Answer 16

• One feature was the depth and type of trenches, Germans built deep trenches and created many layers to protect communication devices, reserve supplies,
• Another feature was the protection using sandbags, barbed wires which trapped soldiers, small posts used to hear enemy movement

Question 17

2 Features of The Balkan Wars

Answer 17

One feature was the Balkan league wanting to remove the Ottoman empire from Europe to gain more land, short bloody war causing Turkey to surrender

• Another feature was when Ferdinand ordered troops to attack Serbia and Greece they responded by invading Bulgaria, allowing Turkish armies a chance to gain some land back

Question 18

2 Features of the Bosnian Crisis

Answer 18

• One feature was Russian and Serbia backing down, King claimed that Bosnia and Herzegovina should belong to Serbia.
• Another feature was the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary occupied it to prevent Ottoman attempts at recovering land.

Question 19

2 Features of the First Moroccan Crisis

Answer 19

• One feature was France trading in Morocco, loss of Alsace-Lorraine meant that French needed to trade for minerals
• Another feature was the Algeciras conference leading to an agreement of France controlling Morocco but other countries allowed to trade, this angered Germany

Question 20

2 Features of the Second Moroccan Crisis

Answer 20

• One feature was the French intervention, French troops sent to Fez to put down the rebellion against the Sultan as France claimed to protect the citizens
• Another feature was the German intervention in which they sent a gunboat to Morocco and claimed to protect the citizens

Question 21

2 Features of the Battle of the Somme

Answer 21

• One feature was that there were many casualties, by the end British had almost 60k casualties due to failure of leaders like Haig, French had 200,000k and Germans had 500,000k.
• Another feature was the British underestimating the strength off the German army and their tactics,

Question 22

2 Features of Economic Rivalry at the start of WW1

Answer 22

• One feature was the conflict between Britain and Germany, at the start the British were the most powerful country with the largest empire, but by 1914 Germany had overtaken them, posed a threat to Britain and started producing more than them
• Another feature was the conflict between France and Germany, Germany wanted colonies that provided raw materials which brought it into conflict with France, Alsace-Lorraine was concerned over by France was their only industry was there

Question 23

2 Features of Plan 17

Answer 23

• One feature was that it focused on the French’s need to reclaim Alsace-Lorraine created by General Joffre, it was a military tactic created for France to respond to war in case it broke out
• Another feature was its inevitable failure, the French had underestimated German army and were defeated with tons of casualties which led to the battle of Marne