FE/AB Flashcards
Calcium Normal Levels
9-10.5
Calcium Function
Hint: Gates to CAlifornia
Bone and teeth formation, nerve and muscle function, clotting
- Gatekeeper for Na and action potentials
- Gates too low: AP going off
- Gates too high: AP cannot get through
Hypocalcemia
Causes? Muscles? VS?
S/s?
Care?
- Vit D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism
- Chvostek’s/Trousseau’s positive, muscle spasms, numbness/tingling in lips/fingers, GI upset, hypotension, decreased HR
- increase foods high in calcium and provide supplementation
Hypercalcemia
Causes?
S/s?
- hyperparathyroidism, long-term steroid use, bone cancer
- constipation, decreased DTRs, lethargy, kidney stones
Magnesium Normal Levels
1.3-2.1
Magnesium Function
nerve and muscle function, bone formation. critical for many biochemical processes in the body
Hypomagnesemia
Causes?
S/s? DTRs? GI? Muscles?
Care?
- GI losses, diuretics, malnutrition, ETOH abuse
- hyperactive DTRs, tetany, seizures, constipation/ileus
- increase foods high in mag, provide supplements (PO can cause diarrhea)
Hypermagnesemia
Causes?
S/s?
Care?
- kidney disease, laxatives containing mag
- hypotensions, muscle weakness, lethargy, and respiratory and cardiac arrest
Potassium Normal Level
3.5-5.0
Potassium Function
maintains ICF balance, nerve function, regulates muscle and heart contractions
Hypokalemia?
Causes?
S/s? Hint: Slow and low; cardiac? vs?
Care?
- GI losses, diuretics, skin losses, metabolic alkalosis
- dysrhythmias (flat T waves, U wave), muscle weakness/cramps, constipation/ileus, hypotension, weak pulse
- increase foods high in K+, administer supplements (PO/IV), cardiac monitoring. never push K+, administer via IV SLOW
Hyperkalemia
Causes?
S/s?
Care?
- DKA, metabolic acidosis, salt substitutes, kidney failure, potassium-sparing diuretics (aldactone)
- dysrhythmias (tall peaked T, short QT, ST depression), muscle weakness, numbness/tingling, diarrhea
- limit foods high in K+, administer loop diuretics, Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene), insulin with dextrose
Sodium Normal Level
135-145
Sodium Function
maintain body’s fluid balance, nerve and muscle function
Hyponatremia
Causes?
S/s?
Care?
- GI losses, diuretics, kidney disease, skin losses, SIADH, hyperglycemia, HF
- tachycardia, hypotension, confusion (elderly), fatigue, headache, N/V
- administer isotonic solution (0.9% NaCl), increase sodium intake. For acute hyponatremia, give hypertonic (3% NaCl) IV fluids SLOWLY