FE

Question 0

FLUID DEFICIT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Answer 0

WEIGHT LOSS, DECREASED SKIN TURGOR, OLIGURIA, CONCENTRATED URINE, POSTURAL HYPOTENSION, WEAK RAPID PULSE,INCREASED (HEMATOCRIT,HEMOGLOBIN,BUN, SODIUM,SERUM OSMOLALITY) HYPERTHERMIA

Question 1

FLUID DEFICIT CAUSES

Answer 1

VOMITING, DIARRHEA, GI SUCTION, SWEATING AND WARM WEATHER, DECREASED INTAKE(INCREASED CAFFEINE AND ALCOHOL INTAKE), HYPERTHERMIA, DIURETICS, ELDERLY

Question 2

FLUID DEFICIT NURSING MANAGEMENT

Answer 2

GIVE FLUIDS (SPACE OVER 24 HOURS).
ISOTONIC IV FLUIDS-LACTATED RINGERS OR 0.9% NACL
I&O’S, HOURLY OUTPUT
DAILY WEIGHT
MONITOR VITAL SIGNS AND PULSE QUALITY
CHECK SKIN TURGOR
ASSESS URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY(SHOULD BE GREATER THAN 1.020)

Question 3

Increased secretion of ___________ causes sodium retention (and thus water retention) and potassium loss

Answer 3

aldosterone

Question 4

Decreased secretion of ___________ causes sodium and water loss and potassium rentention

Answer 4

aldosterone

Question 5

Functions of ________ include maintaining the osmotic pressure of the cells by controlling the retention or excretion of water by the kidneys and by regulating blood volume

Answer 5

ADH

Question 6

The pumping action of the _________ circulates blood through the kidneys under sufficient pressure to allow for urine production

Answer 6

heart

Question 7

Failure of the pumping action of the heart interferes with ________ ______ and thus with water and electrolyte regulation

Answer 7

renal perfusion

Question 8

The __________ _______ regulates calcium and phosphate balance by means of parathyroid hormone

Answer 8

parathyroid glands

Question 9

Oral intake is controlled by the thirst center located in the

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

The presence or absence of _______ is the most significant factor in determining whether the urine that is excreted is concentrated or dilute

Answer 10

ADH

Question 11

_________ is an enzyme that converts angiotensinogen, a substance formed by the liver, into angiotensin I.

Answer 11

Renin

Question 12

Renin is released by the juxtaglomerular cells of the ________ in response to decreased renal perfusion

Answer 12

kidneys

Question 13

Located on the surface of the hypothalamus, ___________ sense change in sodium cocentration

Answer 13

osmoreceptors

Question 14

Laboratory data useful in evaluating fluid volume status include

Answer 14

BUN and its relation to serum creatinine concentration.

Question 15

The BUN can be elevated because of

Answer 15

dehydration and decreased renal perfusion and function

Question 16

Hyponatremia signs and symptoms

Answer 16

Diminished deep tendon reflexes,skeletal muscle weakness,shallow ineffective breathing,increased urinary output,dry mucous membrane,confusion,seizures

Question 17

Hypernatremia signs and symptoms

Answer 17

Spontaneous muscle twitches,irregular muscle contractions (early), skeletal muscle weakness,deep tendon reflexes diminished or absent(late), altered cerebral function is the most common manifestation of hypernatremia, extreme thirst,decreased urinary output,dry and flushed skin

Question 18

Aldosterone

Answer 18

A steroid hormone that regulates salt and water in the body having an effect on blood pressure

Question 19

Adrenal glands

Answer 19

Located on top of each kidney, produce hormones including sex hormones and cortisol. Cortisol helps you respond to stress

Question 20

Antidiuretic hormone also known as vasopressin

Answer 20

Acts on kidney to control the amount of water excreted in the urine