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JJ's cards > FDN2 Drugs Week 1 and some CYP stuff > Flashcards

FDN2 Drugs Week 1 and some CYP stuff Flashcards

To learn the name of drugs so I can do well on Step so I can match into a cool field so I can seem like an accomplished person.

1
Q

What does Diazepam do?

A

It is a benzodiazepine and thus acts as an Allosteric activator of GABAA receptors

This benzo binding increases the frequency of opening of GABAA-gated Cl- channels and enhances synaptic inhibition. The TI for diazepam is very good (~100)

Used to treat anxiety, to produce sleep and reduce muscle spasms.

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2
Q

What is Warfarin used for?

A

The effect of this block is to inhibit the synthesis of clotting factors.

Used clinically to prevent blood clots after surgery and to treat atrial fibrillation.

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3
Q

Drugs with -setron suffix do what?

A

Competitive inhibitors of Serotonin 5HT-3. Treat Nausea and vomiting.

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4
Q

What does Memantine do?

A

Open channel blocker of NMDA receptors.

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5
Q

This drug is a positive allosteric modulator and it can be prescribed for sleep for years without a waning of the effect

A

Zolpidem

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6
Q

azepam or ..azolam suffix is seen in what drugs?

A

Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

What receptor does Penicillin produce major side effects on?

A

Blocks the open channel GABAA receptor channel and inducing seizures.

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8
Q

What does strychnine do?

A

It is a glycine receptor competitive inhibitor.

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9
Q

What does tetanus toxin do?

A

It is a presynaptic inhibitor of glycine receptors.

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10
Q

What receptor is effected by the disease hyperekplexia?

A

Glycine receptors. Mutated alpha subunits.

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11
Q

Fluticasone and drugs with a -son or -one suffix bind where?

A

Cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor.

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12
Q

What does minoxidil do?

A

Activation of KATP channels by minoxidil causes membrane hyperpolarization, closure of voltage-gated calcium channels, and vasodilation

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13
Q

What does tetrodotoxin (TTX) do?

A

Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels in nerve and muscle (TTX acts like a plug at the extracellular surface of the voltage-gated sodium channel)

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14
Q

What do local anesthetics do?

A

Blocks the voltage-gated Na+ channel associated with the action potential. (The main difference between local anesthetics and TTX is that local anesthetics preferentially bind to the inactivated state of the Na+ channel)

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15
Q

Where are Furanocoumarins found and what do they do?

A

found in grapefruit inhibit CYP3A4 and p-glycoprotein

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16
Q

What is the target of SSRIs?

A

SLC6A4

17
Q

Penicillin is what type of inhibitor?

A

Uncompetitive

18
Q

What type of inhibitor is memantine?

A

Uncompetitive

19
Q

What is IL-5’s primary signaling mechanism?

A

JAK/STAT pathway

20
Q

What are two examples of adenosine receptor agonists?

A

Caffeine and theophylline (Methylxanthines)

21
Q

What do NSAIDs do?

A

Block COXs

22
Q

Celecoxib and Ibuprofen are what type of drugs?

A

NSAIDs

23
Q

The majority of Phase 1 reactions are handled by___

A

CYP3A4

24
Q

Most common polymorphisms of CYPs are seen in this CYP.

A

CYP2D6

25
Q

What are CYP2C19 substrates?

A
  • …azepam benzos (diazepam, flurazepam, etc.)
  • Proton pump inhibitors (the ..prazoles, such as omeprazole-also CYP 3A4)
  • Clopidogrel (Plavix) a prodrug activated by this CYP (and others) but it is 2C19 where polymorphisms are important
26
Q

Ethanol at high concentrations induces what CYP?

A

CYP2E1

27
Q

This CYP converts codeine to morphine.

A

CYP2D6

28
Q

Metoprolol and opioids are substrates for this CYP.

A

CYP2D6

29
Q

Acetominophen is made into what toxic compound and by what CYP?

A

NAPQI by CYP2E1.

30
Q

Insulin receptors stimulate what pathways?

A

RAS/MAPK: Growth

PI-3K/AKT/mTOR: Metabolic

31
Q

EGF Receptors stimulate what pathway?

A

RAS/MAPK

32
Q

What does Phenylephrine do?

A

Acts to increase blood pressure and to decrease nasal congestion. Agonist at alpha-1 adrenoreceptors

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