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FCLE Flashcards

1
Q

northwest ordinance

A

process to set 5 states, steps territory needed to become state, outlawed slavery in those states and could not collect taxes

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2
Q

federalist

A

in favor of the constitution and a stronger national republic

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3
Q

anti federalist

A

did not like the constitution and favored small local governments

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4
Q

great compromise

A

how they resolved the government, agreement that said that each state has 2 senators and House of Representatives where each state has a representative based on population

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5
Q

3/5th compromise

A

how they counted African Americans (three out of every 5 slaves were counted when determining population)

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6
Q

checks and balances

A

the separation of powers in the government ( executive, judicial, and legislative branch) stops one from becoming too powerful

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7
Q

executive branch

A

executes the law, president , responsible for enforcing the law of the land

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8
Q

judicial branch

A

interprets the law, decide the constitutionality of federal laws and resolves other disputes about federal laws

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9
Q

legislative branch

A

makes laws, congress, declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce and controls taxing and spending policies

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10
Q

separation of powers

A

model that divides the government into separate branches

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11
Q

rule of law

A

must follow the law no one is above it

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12
Q

due process

A

assurance that all levels of American government must operate within the law. all legal rights owed to a person are respected

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13
Q

popular sovereignty

A

government based on the consent/will of the people

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14
Q

articles of confederation

A

explained how the government was to work after it declared independence from great Britain ( agreement among the 13 colonies that was the nations first frame of government)

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15
Q

bill of rights

A

first 10 amendments of the constitution, spells out Americans rights in relation to their government

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16
Q

constitution

A

supreme law of the land, replaced articles of confederation, has enough power to act on a national level without putting other rights at risk

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17
Q

declaration of independence

A

founding document of the us. approved by congress on July 4that tells people they are free from British rule

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18
Q

constitution of Massachusetts

A

local support for public schools, the fundamental governing document of the commonwealth of Massachusetts

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19
Q

magna carta

A

established principle of rule of law

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20
Q

mayflower compact

A

law made by and for the people , settlers agreed to form a government and be bound by its rules

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21
Q

how many senators does each state have

A

2

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22
Q

how many electoral college votes do you need to win the presidency

A

270

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23
Q

what is an amendment

A

a change to the constitution

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24
Q

what are the rights in declaration of independence

A

lie, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

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25
Q

what is the economic system of the U.S

A

capitalist economy/market

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26
Q

how many senators are there and how long do they stay in office

A

100 members that serve for a term of 6 years

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27
Q

how many people are in the House of Representatives and how long

A

435 and serve for 2 year terms

28
Q

who becomes president if president and vice president die

A

speaker of the house

29
Q

what is hebeaus corpus

A

when you bring a prisoner before court to determine if the imprisonment was unlawful or not

30
Q

what are the 3 parts of the constitution

A

preamble, articles, amendment
p- describes purpose of the document and government
ar- how government is structured and how constitution can be changed
am- lists changes to the constitution

31
Q

1st amendment

A

freedom of speech

32
Q

15th amendment

A

right for African Americans to vote

33
Q

19th amendment

A

right for women to vote

34
Q

26th amendment

A

right for citizens 18+ to vote

35
Q

4th amendment

A

protects against unreasonable search and seizure

36
Q

11th amendment

A

federal courts can’t hear lawsuits against the state

37
Q

how many amendments are in the constitution

A

27

38
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

established judicial review, allowed Supreme Court to rule laws unconstitutional

39
Q

Mcculloch v Maryland

A

implied constitutional power to create a national bank and that individual states could not tax a federally chartered bank (necessary and proper clause)

40
Q

dred scott v sandford

A

slave who thought free state meant free man but court ruled that he was not considered a person, it upheld slavery

41
Q

plessy v Ferguson

A

refused to move from white section of train, argued separate car act was a violation of the 14th amendment ,made segregation legal and ruled it did not violate 14th amendment

42
Q

schenck v us

A

passing out antiwar pampphlets and said no letting him do so was unconstitutional but court ruled against and said the security of us is more important in a time of war than your freedom of speech
- invented “clear and present danger” test to determine when a state could limit a persons free speech

43
Q

korematsu v us

A

order to send Japanese Americans to camps since they didn’t know where their loyalties were, gov argued that protecting us was greater priority than individual rights legal to send him to camp and was not racial prejudice

44
Q

Brown v board of education

A

ruled that separating children in public schools on basis of race was unconstitutional ( 14th amendment) signaled end of legalized racial segregation

45
Q

mapp v Ohio

A

arrested for having obscene materials but Supreme Court ruled that under 4th amendment they didn’t have warrant so evidence could not be used in trial

46
Q

baker v Carr

A

established that state reaportionment are justiciable in federal courts

47
Q

engel v vitale

A

didn’t like his children saying a prayer in school, Supreme Court ruled that its a violation of first amendment and could not make students say prayer

48
Q

Gideon v wainwright

A

charged with breaking and entering and was denied a lawyer , court later ruled under 6th amendment that they are guaranteed the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts free of charge

49
Q

miranda v arizona

A

not advised of his rights to have an attorney present during interrogation, under 5th and 6th requires police to inform individuals about their Miranda rights

50
Q

tinker v des moines

A

said schools could not censor student speech unless it disrupted the educational process ( kids were able to wear what they wanted to school)

51
Q

New York Times v United States

A

government tried suppress publication o a top secret history, times said it violated 1st amendment and printed it, court ruled in their favor saying they had a right to free press

52
Q

Wisconsin v yoder

A

amish family refused to send their children to school due to religious beliefs, ruled in favor and said that an individuals right to exercise their religious beliefs takes priority in the states interest in children’s education

53
Q

roe v wade

A

protected the right to have an abortion and only past a certain date could they say no to having one

54
Q

United States v Nixon

A

did not want to release tapes and claimed executive privilege, ruled against and said president does not have unlimited privilege to withhold info and had to release the tapes

55
Q

regents of the university of California v Bakke

A

ruled that the use of race in the college admission process was unconstitutional

56
Q

hazelwood v kuhlemeir

A

principal deletes pages from kids story, court ruled that school has the authority to remove pages and did not violate kids freedom of speech

57
Q

texas v johnson

A

burned American flag, said it was symbolic speech, court said burning flag was protected expression under 1st amendment

58
Q

shaw v reno

A

said that using racial reasonings for redistricting was unconstitutional

59
Q

us v Lopez

A

senior had weapon in school, not federal offense , upheld principle that states have control of local issued like gun possession on school grounds

60
Q

bush v gore

A

stoped the order for a selective recount of the states us presidential election giving bush the presidency

61
Q

District of Columbia v Heller

A

established individual right to possess firearms for self defense in the home

62
Q

Lawrence v texas

A

ruled that state laws banning homosexual sodomy was unconstitutional

63
Q

loving v virginia

A

inter racial marriage was married in dc but arrested in Virginia, held law was unconstitutional under 14th amendment

64
Q

In what 1620 document do the writers form a “civil body politic”?

A

mayflower compact

65
Q

17th amendment

A

to promote democratic participation

66
Q

what is the goal of the supremacy clause

A

states may not pass laws that conflict with federal lawsw

67
Q

who can veto bills

A

the president

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