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FCLE Flashcards

1
Q

northwest ordinance

A

process to set 5 states, steps territory needed to become state, outlawed slavery in those states and could not collect taxes

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2
Q

federalist

A

in favor of the constitution and a stronger national republic

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3
Q

anti federalist

A

did not like the constitution and favored small local governments

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4
Q

great compromise

A

how they resolved the government, agreement that said that each state has 2 senators and House of Representatives where each state has a representative based on population

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5
Q

3/5th compromise

A

how they counted African Americans (three out of every 5 slaves were counted when determining population)

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6
Q

checks and balances

A

the separation of powers in the government ( executive, judicial, and legislative branch) stops one from becoming too powerful

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7
Q

executive branch

A

executes the law, president , responsible for enforcing the law of the land

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8
Q

judicial branch

A

interprets the law, decide the constitutionality of federal laws and resolves other disputes about federal laws

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9
Q

legislative branch

A

makes laws, congress, declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce and controls taxing and spending policies

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10
Q

separation of powers

A

model that divides the government into separate branches

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11
Q

rule of law

A

must follow the law no one is above it

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12
Q

due process

A

assurance that all levels of American government must operate within the law. all legal rights owed to a person are respected

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13
Q

popular sovereignty

A

government based on the consent/will of the people

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14
Q

articles of confederation

A

explained how the government was to work after it declared independence from great Britain ( agreement among the 13 colonies that was the nations first frame of government)

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15
Q

bill of rights

A

first 10 amendments of the constitution, spells out Americans rights in relation to their government

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16
Q

constitution

A

supreme law of the land, replaced articles of confederation, has enough power to act on a national level without putting other rights at risk

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17
Q

declaration of independence

A

founding document of the us. approved by congress on July 4that tells people they are free from British rule

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18
Q

constitution of Massachusetts

A

local support for public schools, the fundamental governing document of the commonwealth of Massachusetts

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19
Q

magna carta

A

established principle of rule of law

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20
Q

mayflower compact

A

law made by and for the people , settlers agreed to form a government and be bound by its rules

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21
Q

how many senators does each state have

A

2

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22
Q

how many electoral college votes do you need to win the presidency

A

270

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23
Q

what is an amendment

A

a change to the constitution

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24
Q

what are the rights in declaration of independence

A

lie, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

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25
what is the economic system of the U.S
capitalist economy/market
26
how many senators are there and how long do they stay in office
100 members that serve for a term of 6 years
27
how many people are in the House of Representatives and how long
435 and serve for 2 year terms
28
who becomes president if president and vice president die
speaker of the house
29
what is hebeaus corpus
when you bring a prisoner before court to determine if the imprisonment was unlawful or not
30
what are the 3 parts of the constitution
preamble, articles, amendment p- describes purpose of the document and government ar- how government is structured and how constitution can be changed am- lists changes to the constitution
31
1st amendment
freedom of speech
32
15th amendment
right for African Americans to vote
33
19th amendment
right for women to vote
34
26th amendment
right for citizens 18+ to vote
35
4th amendment
protects against unreasonable search and seizure
36
11th amendment
federal courts can't hear lawsuits against the state
37
how many amendments are in the constitution
27
38
Marbury v Madison
established judicial review, allowed Supreme Court to rule laws unconstitutional
39
Mcculloch v Maryland
implied constitutional power to create a national bank and that individual states could not tax a federally chartered bank (necessary and proper clause)
40
dred scott v sandford
slave who thought free state meant free man but court ruled that he was not considered a person, it upheld slavery
41
plessy v Ferguson
refused to move from white section of train, argued separate car act was a violation of the 14th amendment ,made segregation legal and ruled it did not violate 14th amendment
42
schenck v us
passing out antiwar pampphlets and said no letting him do so was unconstitutional but court ruled against and said the security of us is more important in a time of war than your freedom of speech - invented "clear and present danger" test to determine when a state could limit a persons free speech
43
korematsu v us
order to send Japanese Americans to camps since they didn't know where their loyalties were, gov argued that protecting us was greater priority than individual rights legal to send him to camp and was not racial prejudice
44
Brown v board of education
ruled that separating children in public schools on basis of race was unconstitutional ( 14th amendment) signaled end of legalized racial segregation
45
mapp v Ohio
arrested for having obscene materials but Supreme Court ruled that under 4th amendment they didn't have warrant so evidence could not be used in trial
46
baker v Carr
established that state reaportionment are justiciable in federal courts
47
engel v vitale
didn't like his children saying a prayer in school, Supreme Court ruled that its a violation of first amendment and could not make students say prayer
48
Gideon v wainwright
charged with breaking and entering and was denied a lawyer , court later ruled under 6th amendment that they are guaranteed the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts free of charge
49
miranda v arizona
not advised of his rights to have an attorney present during interrogation, under 5th and 6th requires police to inform individuals about their Miranda rights
50
tinker v des moines
said schools could not censor student speech unless it disrupted the educational process ( kids were able to wear what they wanted to school)
51
New York Times v United States
government tried suppress publication o a top secret history, times said it violated 1st amendment and printed it, court ruled in their favor saying they had a right to free press
52
Wisconsin v yoder
amish family refused to send their children to school due to religious beliefs, ruled in favor and said that an individuals right to exercise their religious beliefs takes priority in the states interest in children's education
53
roe v wade
protected the right to have an abortion and only past a certain date could they say no to having one
54
United States v Nixon
did not want to release tapes and claimed executive privilege, ruled against and said president does not have unlimited privilege to withhold info and had to release the tapes
55
regents of the university of California v Bakke
ruled that the use of race in the college admission process was unconstitutional
56
hazelwood v kuhlemeir
principal deletes pages from kids story, court ruled that school has the authority to remove pages and did not violate kids freedom of speech
57
texas v johnson
burned American flag, said it was symbolic speech, court said burning flag was protected expression under 1st amendment
58
shaw v reno
said that using racial reasonings for redistricting was unconstitutional
59
us v Lopez
senior had weapon in school, not federal offense , upheld principle that states have control of local issued like gun possession on school grounds
60
bush v gore
stoped the order for a selective recount of the states us presidential election giving bush the presidency
61
District of Columbia v Heller
established individual right to possess firearms for self defense in the home
62
Lawrence v texas
ruled that state laws banning homosexual sodomy was unconstitutional
63
loving v virginia
inter racial marriage was married in dc but arrested in Virginia, held law was unconstitutional under 14th amendment
64
In what 1620 document do the writers form a "civil body politic"?
mayflower compact
65
17th amendment
to promote democratic participation
66
what is the goal of the supremacy clause
states may not pass laws that conflict with federal lawsw
67
who can veto bills
the president

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