Faults and Folds Flashcards

1
Q

Shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy

A

Earthquakes

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2
Q

Usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks

A

Earthquakes

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3
Q

Continuing adjustment of position results in aftershocks

A

Earthquakes

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4
Q

The study of Earthquakes

A

Seismology

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5
Q

Scientists who study Earthquakes

A

Seismologists

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6
Q

Data recorded during Earthquakes

A

Seismogram

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7
Q

The instrument used to record data during Earthquakes

A

Seismograph

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8
Q

Caused by increased stress along faults

A

Earthquakes

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9
Q

Internal reaction of a material to pressure applied to it

A

Stress

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10
Q

Ratio of the deformation of a material

A

Strain

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11
Q

The change to the shape of a rock in response to stress

A

Deformation

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12
Q

The ability of a material to withstand deforming forces

A

Elasticity

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13
Q

The other term for Earthquakes

A

Seismic or Seismic Waves

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14
Q

The external condition of an object

A

Pressure

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15
Q

The Philippines is made of _

A

Transform boundaries

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16
Q

The 3 types of stress

A

Tensile, Shear, Compressive

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17
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF STRESS AND FAULT
Extension

A

Tensile, Normal

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18
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF STRESS AND FAULT
Shortening

A

Compressive, Reverse Fault

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19
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF STRESS AND FAULT
Opposite directions

A

Shear, Strike-Slip

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20
Q

Deforms like a piece of clay and does not cause Earthquakes

A

Plastic deformation

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21
Q

Returns to its original form when stress is removed

A

Elastic Deformation

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22
Q

Rock keeps stretching until it finally breaks where energy is released

A

Elastic Deformation

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23
Q

Occurs when more stress is applied to rock than what it can withstand

A

Elastic Rebound

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24
Q

Common cause of Earthquakes

A

Elastic Rebound

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25
Q

A break in the earth’s crust

A

Fault

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26
Q

It is where Earthquakes occur

A

Faults

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27
Q

The different plate boundaries

A

Transform, Convergent, Divergent

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28
Q

Places where a large number of faults are located

A

Earthquake Zones

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29
Q

Forms due to stress build-up

A

Faults

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30
Q

It is where slabs of crust slide past each other

A

Faults

31
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
The footwall goes upward

A

Normal Fault

32
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
The crust extends

A

Normal Fault

33
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
The hanging wall goes upward

A

Reverse Fault

34
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
The hanging wall goes upward

A

Reverse Fault

35
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
The crust shortens

A

Reverse Fault

36
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
Vertical fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally

A

Strike-Slip Fault

37
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
Blocks are displaced to the right

A

Dextral

38
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF FAULT
Blocks are displaced to the left

A

Sinistral

39
Q

Waves that travel through the earth

A

Seismic Waves

40
Q

Seismic waves that travel through the Earth’s interior

A

Body Waves

41
Q

Seismic waves that travel along the Earth’s surface

A

Surface Waves

42
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Travels through solids, liquids, and gases

A

P Waves

43
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Fastest waves also called Primary Waves

A

P Waves

44
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Moves rocks back and forth by squeezing and stretching

A

P Waves

45
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Called Pressure Waves

A

P Waves

46
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Cannot travel through liquids

A

S Waves

47
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Arrives after P Waves which is why they are also called Secondary Waves

A

S Waves

48
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Moves the rock side to side by stretching

A

S Waves

49
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF BODY WAVE
Called Shear Waves

A

S Waves

50
Q

Travels slower than body waves but are more destructive

A

Surface Waves

51
Q

The study of rocks

A

Petrology

52
Q

The study of rocks layers and layering

A

Stratigraphy

53
Q

The other term for rock layers

A

Strata

54
Q

The other term for rock layering

A

Stratification

55
Q

Who discovered the four basic principles of Stratigraphy?

A

Nicholas Steno in the 17th Century

56
Q

The four basic principles that govern the way that sedimentary rocks are deposited and layered

A

Steno’s Principles of Stratigraphy

57
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE
Younger rocks sit atop older layers

A

Law of Superposition

58
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE
Layers of sedimentary rock are originally deposited flat then tilts due to folding

A

Law of Original Horizontality

59
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE
Rock layers A and B must be older than the intrusion (C) that disturbs them

A

Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships

60
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE
The principle reinforced by James Hutton

A

Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships

61
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE
Layers of rock are continuous until they encounter other solid bodies that block their deposition

A

Law of Lateral Continuity

62
Q

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLE
Layers of rock are continuous until they are acted upon by agents that appeared after deposition took place

A

Law of Lateral Continuity

63
Q

Classified by geometry and stratigraphy

A

Folds

64
Q

A fold that points upward

A

Synform

65
Q

A fold that points downward

A

Antiform

66
Q

Youngest rocks are at the axis

A

Syncline

67
Q

Oldest rocks are at the axis

A

Anticline

68
Q

The plane of a fold’s curve

A

Axis

69
Q

The other term for axis

A

Hinge

70
Q

Indicates a break or fold in rock layers

A

Unconformities

71
Q

Represents gaps in geologic record

A

Unconformities

72
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF UNCONFORMITY
Occurs between parallel, similar orientation, or horizontal layers of sedimentary rock

A

Disconformity

73
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF UNCONFORMITY
Uplifted, tilted, folded, or eroded rock layers, once horizontal, are covered by new, horizontally deposited layers

A

Angular Unconformity

74
Q

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF UNCONFORMITY
Occurs between younger sedimentary rocks and older igneous or metamorphic rocks

A

Nonconformity