Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards
What type of fat is coconut oil?
Coconut oil is a saturated fat.
What type of fat is palm oil?
Palm oil is a saturated fat.
Name the 4 different types of lipids.
Free fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols
How are free fatty acids transported around the body?
Free fatty acids are transported around the body bound to albumin.
What are free fatty acids used for in the body?
In the body, free fatty acids are used as a source of energy.
Where are triglycerides stored in the body?
Triglycerides are stored in adipocytes.
Where are phospholipids found?
Phospholipids are found in membranes and signalling pathways.
Where are sterols found?
Sterols are found in membranes aswell as in the myelin sheath surrounding nerves.
What are sterols precursors for?
Sterols are precursors for hormones.
What are the two significant characteristics of free fatty acids?
Free fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxylic acid group at the end.
Can free fatty acids be only saturated or unsatured?
Free fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated.
Does palm oil contain cholesterol?
No, palm oil does not contain cholesterol.
When is fatty acid synthesis particularly important?
Fatty acid synthesis is particularly important during embryonic development and during lactation.
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?
Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is the starting material of fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl co enzyme A is the starting material for fatty acid synthesis.
Which complex does fatty acid synthesis occur on?
Fatty acid synthesis occurs on the fatty acid synthase enzyme complex.
What is the final product of fatty acid synthesis?
The final product of fatty acid synthesis is palmitate.
Palmitate is a _ _ carbon ____________ fatty acid.
Palmitate is a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid.
What is used for reducing power in fatty acid synthesis?
NADPH is used for reducing power in fatty acid synthesis.
What does fatty acid synthesis contribute to in alcoholics?
Fatty acid synthesis contributes to liver failure in alcoholics.
Is fatty acid synthesis a reversal of fatty acid breakdown?
No, fatty acid synthesis is not a reversal of fatty acid breakdown it is a mirror image.
Where is acetyl coA synthesized?
Acetyl coA is synthesized in the mitochondrion.
What is the name of the carrier protein in fatty acid synthesis?
Acyl carrier protein is the protein used in fatty acid synthesis
What does acetyl coA combine with to make citrate?
Acetyl coA combines with oxaloacetate to make citrate
What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?
Saturated fat: no double bonds present.
Unsaturated fat: at least one double bond present.
What are chylomicrons?
Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
What do chylomicrons do?
Chylomicrons transport dietary lipids from the intestine to other parts of the body.
What do chylomicrons consist of?
Chylomicrons consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
What are chylomicrons produced from?
Chylomicrons are produced from fatty acids and cholesterol.
How does acetyl CoA travel across the mitochondrial membrane?
To cross the mitochondrial membrane, acetyl CoA is transformed to citrate (by combining with oxaloacetate). Since citrate can cross the mitochondrial membrane, when it reaches the cytoplasm it converts back to a molecule of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.
What is the regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is the regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis
What does inappropriate fatty acid synthesis in the liver from excess caloric consumption of alcohol contribute to?
Inappropriate fatty acid synthesis in the liver from excess caloric consumption or alcohol contributes to liver failure.
What does palmitate serve as a precursor to?
Palmitate serves as a precursor for other fatty acids.
What is the name of the activated donor in fatty acid synthesis?
Malonyl ACP is the activated donor of two-carbon units in the elongation step of fatty acid synthesis.
What is the elongation reaction driven by?
The elongation reaction is driven by the release of carbon dioxide.
What is the committed step in fatty acid synthesis?
The committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA.
What are constitutional isomers?
Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formulas but different atom ordering.
