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Introduction to Biochemistry > Fatty Acid Synthesis > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of fat is coconut oil?

A

Coconut oil is a saturated fat.

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2
Q

What type of fat is palm oil?

A

Palm oil is a saturated fat.

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3
Q

Name the 4 different types of lipids.

A

Free fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols

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4
Q

How are free fatty acids transported around the body?

A

Free fatty acids are transported around the body bound to albumin.

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5
Q

What are free fatty acids used for in the body?

A

In the body, free fatty acids are used as a source of energy.

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6
Q

Where are triglycerides stored in the body?

A

Triglycerides are stored in adipocytes.

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7
Q

Where are phospholipids found?

A

Phospholipids are found in membranes and signalling pathways.

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8
Q

Where are sterols found?

A

Sterols are found in membranes aswell as in the myelin sheath surrounding nerves.

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9
Q

What are sterols precursors for?

A

Sterols are precursors for hormones.

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10
Q

What are the two significant characteristics of free fatty acids?

A

Free fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxylic acid group at the end.

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11
Q

Can free fatty acids be only saturated or unsatured?

A

Free fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated.

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12
Q

Does palm oil contain cholesterol?

A

No, palm oil does not contain cholesterol.

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13
Q

When is fatty acid synthesis particularly important?

A

Fatty acid synthesis is particularly important during embryonic development and during lactation.

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14
Q

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

A

Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.

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15
Q

What is the starting material of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl co enzyme A is the starting material for fatty acid synthesis.

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16
Q

Which complex does fatty acid synthesis occur on?

A

Fatty acid synthesis occurs on the fatty acid synthase enzyme complex.

17
Q

What is the final product of fatty acid synthesis?

A

The final product of fatty acid synthesis is palmitate.

18
Q

Palmitate is a _ _ carbon ____________ fatty acid.

A

Palmitate is a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid.

19
Q

What is used for reducing power in fatty acid synthesis?

A

NADPH is used for reducing power in fatty acid synthesis.

20
Q

What does fatty acid synthesis contribute to in alcoholics?

A

Fatty acid synthesis contributes to liver failure in alcoholics.

21
Q

Is fatty acid synthesis a reversal of fatty acid breakdown?

A

No, fatty acid synthesis is not a reversal of fatty acid breakdown it is a mirror image.

22
Q

Where is acetyl coA synthesized?

A

Acetyl coA is synthesized in the mitochondrion.

23
Q

What is the name of the carrier protein in fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acyl carrier protein is the protein used in fatty acid synthesis

24
Q

What does acetyl coA combine with to make citrate?

A

Acetyl coA combines with oxaloacetate to make citrate

25
Q

What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?

A

Saturated fat: no double bonds present.
Unsaturated fat: at least one double bond present.

26
Q

What are chylomicrons?

A

Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

27
Q

What do chylomicrons do?

A

Chylomicrons transport dietary lipids from the intestine to other parts of the body.

28
Q

What do chylomicrons consist of?

A

Chylomicrons consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

29
Q

What are chylomicrons produced from?

A

Chylomicrons are produced from fatty acids and cholesterol.

30
Q

How does acetyl CoA travel across the mitochondrial membrane?

A

To cross the mitochondrial membrane, acetyl CoA is transformed to citrate (by combining with oxaloacetate). Since citrate can cross the mitochondrial membrane, when it reaches the cytoplasm it converts back to a molecule of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.

31
Q

What is the regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is the regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis

32
Q

What does inappropriate fatty acid synthesis in the liver from excess caloric consumption of alcohol contribute to?

A

Inappropriate fatty acid synthesis in the liver from excess caloric consumption or alcohol contributes to liver failure.

33
Q

What does palmitate serve as a precursor to?

A

Palmitate serves as a precursor for other fatty acids.

34
Q

What is the name of the activated donor in fatty acid synthesis?

A

Malonyl ACP is the activated donor of two-carbon units in the elongation step of fatty acid synthesis.

35
Q

What is the elongation reaction driven by?

A

The elongation reaction is driven by the release of carbon dioxide.

36
Q

What is the committed step in fatty acid synthesis?

A

The committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA.

37
Q

What are constitutional isomers?

A

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formulas but different atom ordering.

Introduction to Biochemistry (5 decks)

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