Fatty Acid Synthesis

Question 1

What type of fat is coconut oil?

Answer 1

Coconut oil is a saturated fat.

Question 2

What type of fat is palm oil?

Answer 2

Palm oil is a saturated fat.

Question 3

Name the 4 different types of lipids.

Answer 3

Free fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols

Question 4

How are free fatty acids transported around the body?

Answer 4

Free fatty acids are transported around the body bound to albumin.

Question 5

What are free fatty acids used for in the body?

Answer 5

In the body, free fatty acids are used as a source of energy.

Question 6

Where are triglycerides stored in the body?

Answer 6

Triglycerides are stored in adipocytes.

Question 7

Where are phospholipids found?

Answer 7

Phospholipids are found in membranes and signalling pathways.

Question 8

Where are sterols found?

Answer 8

Sterols are found in membranes aswell as in the myelin sheath surrounding nerves.

Question 9

What are sterols precursors for?

Answer 9

Sterols are precursors for hormones.

Question 10

What are the two significant characteristics of free fatty acids?

Answer 10

Free fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxylic acid group at the end.

Question 11

Can free fatty acids be only saturated or unsatured?

Answer 11

Free fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated.

Question 12

Does palm oil contain cholesterol?

Answer 12

No, palm oil does not contain cholesterol.

Question 13

When is fatty acid synthesis particularly important?

Answer 13

Fatty acid synthesis is particularly important during embryonic development and during lactation.

Question 14

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

Answer 14

Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

What is the starting material of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 15

Acetyl co enzyme A is the starting material for fatty acid synthesis.

Question 16

Which complex does fatty acid synthesis occur on?

Answer 16

Fatty acid synthesis occurs on the fatty acid synthase enzyme complex.

Question 17

What is the final product of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 17

The final product of fatty acid synthesis is palmitate.

Question 18

Palmitate is a _ _ carbon ____________ fatty acid.

Answer 18

Palmitate is a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid.

Question 19

What is used for reducing power in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 19

NADPH is used for reducing power in fatty acid synthesis.

Question 20

What does fatty acid synthesis contribute to in alcoholics?

Answer 20

Fatty acid synthesis contributes to liver failure in alcoholics.

Question 21

Is fatty acid synthesis a reversal of fatty acid breakdown?

Answer 21

No, fatty acid synthesis is not a reversal of fatty acid breakdown it is a mirror image.

Question 22

Where is acetyl coA synthesized?

Answer 22

Acetyl coA is synthesized in the mitochondrion.

Question 23

What is the name of the carrier protein in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 23

Acyl carrier protein is the protein used in fatty acid synthesis

Question 24

What does acetyl coA combine with to make citrate?

Answer 24

Acetyl coA combines with oxaloacetate to make citrate

Question 25

What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?

Answer 25

Saturated fat: no double bonds present. Unsaturated fat: at least one double bond present.

Question 26

What are chylomicrons?

Answer 26

Chylomicrons are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

Question 27

What do chylomicrons do?

Answer 27

Chylomicrons transport dietary lipids from the intestine to other parts of the body.

Question 28

What do chylomicrons consist of?

Answer 28

Chylomicrons consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

Question 29

What are chylomicrons produced from?

Answer 29

Chylomicrons are produced from fatty acids and cholesterol.

Question 30

How does acetyl CoA travel across the mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 30

To cross the mitochondrial membrane, acetyl CoA is transformed to citrate (by combining with oxaloacetate). Since citrate can cross the mitochondrial membrane, when it reaches the cytoplasm it converts back to a molecule of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA.

Question 31

What is the regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 31

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is the regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis

Question 32

What does inappropriate fatty acid synthesis in the liver from excess caloric consumption of alcohol contribute to?

Answer 32

Inappropriate fatty acid synthesis in the liver from excess caloric consumption or alcohol contributes to liver failure.

Question 33

What does palmitate serve as a precursor to?

Answer 33

Palmitate serves as a precursor for other fatty acids.

Question 34

What is the name of the activated donor in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 34

Malonyl ACP is the activated donor of two-carbon units in the elongation step of fatty acid synthesis.

Question 35

What is the elongation reaction driven by?

Answer 35

The elongation reaction is driven by the release of carbon dioxide.

Question 36

What is the committed step in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 36

The committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA.

Question 37

What are constitutional isomers?

Answer 37

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formulas but different atom ordering.