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Biochemistry > Fatty Acid Catabolism > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Catabolism Flashcards

1
Q 
How many molecules of water are produced by the electron transport chain during the complete aerobic oxidation of 1 molecule of palmitate?
A) 14 H2O
B) 27 H2O
C) 32 H2O
D) 41 H2O
E) 46 H2O
A

E) 46 H2O

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2
Q 
In beta-oxidation, which cofactor is required for the conversion of a beta-ketoacyl-CoA to an acyl-CoA and an acetyl-CoA molecule?
A) NAD+
B) FAD
C) H2O
D) CoA-SH
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

D) CoA-SH

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3
Q 
In beta-oxidation, which cofactor is required for the conversion of a trans-delata2-enoyl-CoA to a beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA?
A) NAD+
B) FAD
C) H2O
D) CoA-SH
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

C) H2O

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4
Q 
In the following equation, which substance is being reduced?
A) -ketoacyl-CoA
B) l--hydroxy-acyl-CoA
C) NADH
D) NAD+
E) H+
A

D) NAD+

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5
Q 
In solution at pH 6.5, palmitate has an overall negative charge. This means that the pKa of palmitate is:
A) < 6.5.
B) > 6.5.
C) 6.5.
D) All of the answers are correct.
A

A) < 6.5.

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6
Q

Which statement(s) about lipases is/are TRUE?
1. Intestinal lipases break down lipids in micelles found in the small intestine.
2. Hormone-sensitive lipase is located primarily in hepatocytes.
3. Lipoprotein lipase is activated in capillaries by apoC-II.
4. Lipoprotein lipase delivers free fatty acids to peripheral tissues.
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 4
D) 1, 3, and 4
E) 4 only

A

D) 1, 3, and 4

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7
Q

Which statement about lipolysis in adipocytes is FALSE?
A) The rate is determined by the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase.
B) It is activated in response to the phosphorylation of the rate-limiting enzyme.
C) Lipolysis results in the release of fatty acids and glycerol into the bloodstream.
D) The activity of hormone-sensitive lipase is increased in response to a glucagon
signal.
E) Dephosphorylation of perilipins allows for hormone-sensitive lipase to access lipid
droplets.

A

E) Dephosphorylation of perilipins allows for hormone-sensitive lipase to access lipid
droplets.

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8
Q 
If the fatty acid 16:0 is catabolized completely, to carbon dioxide and water, the net yield of ATP per molecule of fatty acid is \_\_\_\_\_ ATP.
A) 90.5
B) 97.5
C) 88.5
D) 106 
 E) 108
A

D) 106

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9
Q 
If 1 mol of a fatty acyl-CoA having 20 carbon atoms undergoes three rounds of  oxidation, how many mols of ATP are produced from the complete aerobic catabolism of the products of these three rounds? (The remaining acyl-CoA is NOT catabolized further.)
A) 12 ATP
B) 30 ATP
C) 34.5 ATP
D) 37.5 ATP
E) 42 ATP
A

E) 42 ATP

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10
Q

In mammals, which intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism CANNOT relieve ketosis? A) lactate
B) acetyl-CoA C) fumarate
D) glycerol
E) succinyl-CoA

A

B) acetyl-CoA

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11
Q

Which statement is TRUE regarding fatty acids in adipocytes?
A) They are primarily bound to albumin and stored in lipid droplets.
B) They cannot be oxidized for energy in this tissue.
C) In adipocytes, fatty acids from the bloodstream are assembled into triglycerides by
esterifying them to glycerol.
D) There is a constant movement of fatty acids in and out of adipose tissues that are
independent of hormone signals.
E) All of the statements are true.

A

C) In adipocytes, fatty acids from the bloodstream are assembled into triglycerides by
esterifying them to glycerol.

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12
Q

What is the role of lipoprotein lipase?
A) It hydrolyzes triacylglycerols of plasma lipoproteins to supply fatty acids to various
tissues.
B) It aids intestinal uptake of dietary fat.
C) It initiates intracellular lipid breakdown of lipoproteins.
D) It degrades lipoproteins to supply needed amino acids to various tissues.
E) It acts to regenerate lipoprotein particles in hepatocytes.

A

A) It hydrolyzes triacylglycerols of plasma lipoproteins to supply fatty acids to various
tissues.

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13
Q 
What is the major site of the formation of -hydroxybutyrate from fatty acids?
A) intestinal mucosa
B) kidney
C) liver
D) adipose tissue
E) skeletal muscle
A

C) liver

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13
Q 
What is the major site of the formation of -hydroxybutyrate from fatty acids?
A) intestinal mucosa
B) kidney
C) liver
D) adipose tissue
E) skeletal muscle
A

C) liver

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14
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding the catabolic oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate?
A) 8 mol of acetyl-CoA are formed.
B) AMP and 2 Pi are formed in the cytosol.
C) The oxidation reactions occur in the mitochondria.
D) 8 mol of H2O are required.
E) Carnitine is required for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix.

A

D) 8 mol of H2O are required.

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15
Q 
Two amino acids whose carbon backbones are strictly ketogenic are:
A) aspartate and alanine.
B) lysine and leucine.
C) glutamate and glutamine.
D) serine and threonine.
E) valine and cysteine.
A

B) lysine and leucine.

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16
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding ketone bodies?
A) During prolonged starvation, the brain adapts to using ketone bodies as fuel.
B) Excess acetone production during ketoacidosis is exhaled through the lungs.
C) Ketone bodies can be used as a carbon source for fatty acid synthesis.
D) Ketone bodies can be converted to glucose during ketosis.
E) Ketone bodies are formed when the glucagon/insulin ratio is high.

A

D) Ketone bodies can be converted to glucose during ketosis.

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17
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding the entry of long-chained fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix?
A) It is not a rate-limiting step in the oxidation of these fatty acids.
B) It is regulated by the concentrations of malonyl-CoA.
C) The cytosolic and matrix pools of coenzyme A are distinct and separate.
D) Once these fatty acyl molecules are in the matrix, they are committed to 
oxidation.
E) Patients with a carnitine deficiency likely require a high-carbohydrate diet
supplemented with short- and medium-chain triglycerides.

A

A) It is not a rate-limiting step in the oxidation of these fatty acids.

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18
Q 
Which compound is NOT considered a “ketone body”?
A) acetoacetate
B) 3-hydroxybutyrate
C) acetone
D) dihydroxyacetone
 E) beta-hydroxybutyrate
A

D) dihydroxyacetone

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19
Q

Some athletes believe that dietary carnitine supplements will enhance their ability to perform aerobic exercise. Which statement does BEST describe the “scientific” basis of this belief?
A) Carnitine is required in the transport of medium and long-chain fatty acids into the
mitochondrial matrix, and so increasing the amount of carnitine will increase the
rate of transport.
B) Carnitine activates carnitine-acyl transferase-1 (CAT-I) thereby increasing the rate
of transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix.
C) Carnitine levels in the cytoplasm are reduced when large amounts of fatty acyl
carnitine are transported into the mitochondrial matrix.
D) Carnitine enhances the activation of fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA, thereby
increasing the rate of their transport into the mitochondrial matrix.
E) Carnitine is an allosteric activator of CAT II.

A

A) Carnitine is required in the transport of medium and long-chain fatty acids into the
mitochondrial matrix, and so increasing the amount of carnitine will increase the
rate of transport.

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20
Q 
Where is the major site of ketogenesis in mammals?
A) the brain
B) the liver
C) adipose tissue
D) skeletal muscle
E) both the liver and adipose tissue
A

B) the liver

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21
Q

Which statement regarding ketone bodies is FALSE?
A) The production of excess ketone bodies can cause a condition known as ketosis,
which is associated with acidosis.
B) In hepatocytes, the production of ketone bodies is an anaplerotic process because
the products of -hydroxybutyrate oxidation can enter the citric acid cycle.
C) Ketone bodies are produced by the liver during starvation or in cases when insulin
production is insufficient.
D) The production of ketone bodies increases when blood glucagon levels are
elevated.
E) Ketone bodies are produced under metabolic conditions that are also associated
with loss of muscle mass and enhanced gluconeogenesis.

A

B) In hepatocytes, the production of ketone bodies is an anaplerotic process because
the products of -hydroxybutyrate oxidation can enter the citric acid cycle.

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22
Q 
If the fatty acid 12:17 is completely catabolized to CO2 and H2O, what would be the gross yield of ATP?
A) 60 ATP
B) 76.5 ATP
C) 78 ATP
D) 78.5 ATP
E) 80 ATP
A

D) 78.5 ATP

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23
Q

What role does serum albumin play in fat metabolism?
A) It is a component of the chylomicron lipoprotein.
B) It acts as a carrier for free fatty acids in the bloodstream.
C) It binds hormone-sensitive lipase that is responsible for the release of triglycerides
from adipocytes.
D) It is involved in the transport of short-chained fatty acids across the plasma
membrane.
E) It is important in the transport of ketone bodies from the liver to the brain.

A

B) It acts as a carrier for free fatty acids in the bloodstream.

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24
Q

What compounds are required for the transport of ketones from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix?
A) ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A.
B) ATP, coenzyme A, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
C) ATP, citrate, and carnitine acyltransferase I.
D) carnitine, coenzyme A, and thiolase
E) None of the answers is correct.

A

E) None of the answers is correct.

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25
Q 
What products from the oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids enter the citric acid cycle?
A) acetyl-CoA and citrate
B) acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA
C) acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA
D) acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA
E) succinyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA
A

D) acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA

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26
Q 
In which cellular compartment are ketone bodies synthesized?
A) the cytosol
B) the mitochondrial matrix
C) the mitochondrial intermembrane space
D) the endoplasmic reticulum
E) peroxisomes
A

B) the mitochondrial matrix

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27
Q 
In which cellular compartment is  oxidation carried out?
A) the cytosol
B) the mitochondrial matrix
C) the mitochondrial intermembrane space
D) the endoplasmic reticulum
E) peroxisomes
A

E) peroxisomes

28
Q

Which statement(s) about acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate is/are FALSE?
1. They can be used as a fuel by skeletal muscle.
2. They are synthesized in the liver.
3. They give rise to acetone.
4. They require acetoacetyl-CoA for their synthesis.
5. They may be regarded as water-soluble, transportable forms of citrate in the blood.
A) 1 & 2
B) 3 only
C) 1 and 4
D) 4 and 5
E) 5 only

A

E) 5 only

29
Q

Which enzyme is involved in the activation of fatty acids in the cytosol?
A) acyl-CoA synthetase
B) inorganic pyrophosphatase
C) carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I)
D) both acyl-CoA synthetase and inorganic pyrophosphatase
E) both inorganic pyrophosphatase and carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I)

A

D) both acyl-CoA synthetase and inorganic pyrophosphatase

30
Q 
In the liver, which enzyme is NOT required in the catabolism of glycerol?
A) glycerol kinase
B) triose phosphate isomerase
C) hexokinase
D) pyruvate kinase
E) citrate synthase
A

C) hexokinase

31
Q 
What are the two major sites in animals for fatty acid catabolism?
A) the liver and the kidneys
B) the liver and the brain
C) skeletal muscle and the liver
D) adipose tissue and the liver
E) adipose tissue and skeletal muscle
A

C) skeletal muscle and the liver

32
Q

The consumption of palmitoyl-CoA by beta-oxidation is decreased under which conditions?
A) the concentration of NAD+ being high in the matrix
B) the concentration of ADP being high in the matrix
C) the mitochondrial ATP synthase being inactive
D) NADH being rapidly reoxidized via the electron-transport chain
E) the concentrations of both NAD+ and ADP being high

A

C) the mitochondrial ATP synthase being inactive

33
Q 
Various irreversible reactions “drive” processes bioenergetically. What is one such driving force leading to the formation of an acyl-CoA molecule?
A) pyrophosphate hydrolysis
B) thioester deacylation
C) phosphoanhydride coupling
D) enol to keto tautomeriztion
E) concomitant decarboxylation
A

A) pyrophosphate hydrolysis

34
Q

Which statement is TRUE regarding the regulation of beta oxidation?
A) AMPK activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which leads to the inhibition of beta oxidation.
B) A buildup in the levels of acetyl-CoA inhibits the thiolysis reaction in beta oxidation.
C) High levels of NADP+ activate beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
D) Malonyl-CoA inhibits CAT II, which leads to the inhibition of beta oxidation.
E) beta oxidation is enhanced in erythrocytes during starvation.

A

B) A buildup in the levels of acetyl-CoA inhibits the thiolysis reaction in beta oxidation.

35
Q

Which process is NOT a step in the catabolism of an even-chain fatty acid?
A) formation of a thioester linkage involving a fatty acyl molecule
B) catalyzation of a transesterification reaction by CAT II
C) isomerization of a cis-delta3-double bond to a trans-delta2-double bond
D) cleavage by thiolase yielding two acetyl-CoA molecules
E) dehydrogenation by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase yielding NADH

A

E) dehydrogenation by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase yielding NADH

36
Q

In hepatocytes, what is a possible fate of acetyl-CoA produced from the oxidation of a fatty acid?
A) oxidation via the citric acid cycle
B) use in ketogenesis
C) use in gluconeogenesis
D) both oxidation via the citric acid cycle and use in ketogenesis
E) both oxidation via the citric acid cycle and use in gluconeogenesis

A

D) both oxidation via the citric acid cycle and use in ketogenesis

37
Q

In myocytes, what is a possible fate of acetyl-CoA produced from the oxidation of a fatty acid?
A) oxidation via the citric acid cycle
B) use in ketogenesis
C) use in gluconeogenesis
D) both oxidation via the citric acid cycle and use in ketogenesis
E) both oxidation via the citric acid cycle and use in gluconeogenesis

A

A) oxidation via the citric acid cycle

38
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding beta-oxidation in peroxisomes?
A) The peroxisomal system prefers very-long-chain fatty acids.
B) The NADH generated by beta-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase must be exported for reoxidation.
C) Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase passes its electrons directly to oxygen.
D) The acetyl-CoA produced by beta-oxidation in peroxisomes is exported to for further oxidation.
E) The peroxisomal system can oxidize branched-chain fatty acids.

A

C) Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase passes its electrons directly to oxygen.

39
Q 
In omega oxidation, which enzyme acts on the omega carbon?
A) a mixed-function oxidase
B) alcohol dehydrogenase
C) aldehyde dehydrogenase
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers is correct.
A

D) All of the answers are correct.

40
Q 
Which compound is required by an enzyme in the Beta-oxidation pathway in peroxisomes but not in the equivalent pathway in mitochondria?
A) NAD+
B) CoA-SH
C) O2
D) FAD 
E) H2O
A

C) O2

41
Q 
Which form of fatty acid is NOT found in the blood?
A) acyl-CoA
B) free fatty acid bound to albumin
C) a component of a chylomicron
D) a component of a triacylglycerol
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

A) acyl-CoA

42
Q

Lipoprotein lipase acts in:
A) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of plasma lipoproteins to supply fatty acids to various tissues.
B) intestinal uptake of dietary fat.
C) intracellular lipid breakdown of lipoproteins.
D) lipoprotein breakdown to supply needed amino acids.
E) None of the answers is correct

A

A) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols of plasma lipoproteins to supply fatty acids to various tissues.

43
Q

Free fatty acids in the bloodstream are:
A) bound to hemoglobin.
B) carried by the protein serum albumin.
C) freely soluble in the aqueous phase of the blood.
D) nonexistent; the blood does not contain free fatty acids. E) present at levels that are independent of epinephrine.

A

B) carried by the protein serum albumin.

44
Q

The role of hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase is to:
A) hydrolyze lipids stored in the liver.
B) hydrolyze membrane phospholipids in hormone-producing cells.
C) hydrolyze triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue.
D) synthesize lipids in adipose tissue.
E) synthesize triacylglycerols in the liver.

A

C) hydrolyze triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue.

45
Q 
The glycerol produced from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides enters glycolysis as:
A) glucose.
B) glucose-6-phosphate.
C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
D) pyruvate.
E) glyceryl CoA.
A

C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

46
Q

Transport of fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrial matrix requires:
A) ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A.
B) ATP, carnitine, and pyruvate dehydrogenase.
C) ATP, coenzyme A, and hexokinase.
D) ATP, coenzyme A, and pyruvate dehydrogenase.
E) carnitine, coenzyme A, and hexokinase.

A

A) ATP, carnitine, and coenzyme A.

47
Q

Fatty acids are activated to acyl-CoAs and the acyl group is further transferred to carnitine because:
A) acyl-carnitines readily cross the mitochondrial inner membrane, but acyl-CoAs do
not.
B) acyl-CoAs easily cross the mitochondrial membrane, but the fatty acids themselves
will not.
C) carnitine is required to oxidize NAD+ to NADH.
D) fatty acids cannot be oxidized by FAD unless they are in the acyl-carnitine form.
E) None of the answers is correct.

A

A) acyl-carnitines readily cross the mitochondrial inner membrane, but acyl-CoAs do not.

48
Q 
Which compound can cross the inner mitochondrial membrane?
A) acetyl–CoA
B) fatty acyl–carnitine
C) fatty acyl–CoA
D) malonyl–CoA
E) None of the answers is correct.
A

B) fatty acyl–carnitine

49
Q 
What is the CORRECT order of function of the following enzymes of beta oxidation?
1. beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
2. thiolase
3. enoyl-CoA hydratase
4. acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 3, 1, 4, 2
C) 4, 3, 1, 2
D) 1, 4, 3, 2
E) 4, 2, 3, 1
A

C) 4, 3, 1, 2

50
Q 
If the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitate is oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water (via the beta-oxidation pathway and the citric acid cycle), and all of the energy- conserving products are used to drive ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion, the net yield of ATP per molecule of palmitate is:
A) 3.
B) 10. 
C) 25.
D) 108.
E) 1,000.
A

D) 108.

51
Q 
Saturated fatty acids are degraded by the stepwise reactions of beta oxidation, producing acetyl-CoA. Under aerobic conditions, how many ATP molecules would be produced as a consequence of the removal of each acetyl-CoA?
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six
A

C) four

52
Q

Which statement(s) is/are TRUE of the oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate (a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid; 16:0) by the beta-oxidation pathway, beginning with the free fatty acid in the cytoplasm?
1. Activation of the free fatty acid requires the equivalent of two ATPs.
2. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is produced.
3. Carnitine functions as an electron acceptor.
4. 8 mol of FADH2 are formed.
5. 8 mol of acetyl-CoA are formed.
6. There is no direct involvement of NAD .
A) 1 and 5 only
B) 1, 2, and 5
C) 1, 2, and 6
D) 1, 3, and 5
E) 5 only

A

B) 1, 2, and 5

53
Q 
Complete oxidation of 1 mole of which fatty acid would yield the most ATP?
A) 16-carbon saturated fatty acid
B) 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid
C) 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid
D) 16-carbon poly-unsaturated fatty acid
E) 14-carbon saturated fatty acid
A

B) 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid

54
Q

Which statement(s) apply(ies) to the beta oxidation of fatty acids?
1. The process takes place in the cytosol of mammalian cells.
2. Carbon atoms are removed from the acyl chain one at a time.
3. Before oxidation, fatty acids must be converted to their CoA derivatives.
4. NADP+ is the electron acceptor.
5. The products of  oxidation can directly enter the citric acid cycle for further
oxidation.
A) 1 and 3 only
B) 1, 2, and 3
C) 1, 2, and 5
D) 3 and 5 only
E) 4 only

A

D) 3 and 5 only

55
Q

Which statement concerning the beta oxidation of fatty acids is TRUE?
A) About 1200 ATP molecules are ultimately produced per 20-carbon fatty acid
oxidized.
B) One FADH2 and two NADH are produced for each acetyl-CoA.
C) The free fatty acid must be carboxylated in the beta position by a biotin-dependent reaction before the process of beta oxidation commences.
D) The free fatty acid must be converted to a thioester before the process of beta oxidation commences.
E) Two NADH are produced for each acetyl-CoA.

A

D) The free fatty acid must be converted to a thioester before the process of beta oxidation commences.

56
Q

The balanced equation for the degradation of CH3(CH2)10COOH via the beta-oxidation pathway is:
A) CH3(CH2)10COOH + 5 FAD + 5 NAD+ + 6 CoA—SH + 5 H2O + ATP → 6 Acetyl-CoA + 5 FADH2 + 5 NADH + 5 H+ + AMP + PPi
B) CH3(CH2)10COOH + 5 FAD + 5 NAD+ + 6 CoA—SH + 5 H2O → 6 Acetyl-CoA + 5 FADH2 + 5 NADH + 5 H+
C) CH3(CH2)10COOH + 6 FAD + 6 NAD+ + 6 CoA—SH + 6 H2O + ATP → 6 Acetyl-CoA + 6 FADH2 + 6 NADH + 6 H+ + AMP + PPi
D) CH3(CH2)10COOH + 6 FAD + 6 NAD+ + 6 CoA—SH + 6 H2O → 6 Acetyl-CoA + 6 FADH2 + 6 NADH + 6 H+

A

A) CH3(CH2)10COOH + 5 FAD + 5 NAD+ + 6 CoA—SH + 5 H2O + ATP → 6 Acetyl-CoA + 5 FADH2 + 5 NADH + 5 H+ + AMP + PPi

57
Q

Which statement is NOT true regarding the oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate (16:0) by the beta-oxidation pathway?
A) 1 mol of ATP is needed.
B) 8 mol of acetyl-CoA are formed.
C) 8 mol of FADH2 are formed.
D) AMP and PPi are formed.
E) The reactions occur in the mitochondria.

A

C) 8 mol of FADH2 are formed.

58
Q 
If anaerobic organism (e.g., the bacterium E. coli) were fed each of the following four compounds as a source of energy, the energy yield per mole from these molecules would be in the order:
A) alanine > glucose > palmitate.
B) glucose > alanine > palmitate.
C) glucose > palmitate > alanine.
D) palmitate > alanine > glucose.
E) palmitate > glucose > alanine.
A

E) palmitate > glucose > alanine.

59
Q

Which statements(s) is/are TRUE of the  oxidation of long-chain fatty acids?
1. The enzyme complex that catalyzes the reaction contains biotin.
2. FADH2 serves as an electron carrier.
3. NADH serves as an electron carrier.
4. Oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid produces six molecules of propionyl-CoA.
5. Oxidation of a 15-carbon fatty acid produces at least one propionyl-CoA.
A) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1, 2, and 5
C) 2, 3, and 4
D) 2, 3, and 5
E) 3 and 5 only

A

D) 2, 3, and 5

60
Q

The following fatty acid, in which the indicated carbon is labeled with 14C, is fed to an animal:

14CH3(CH2)9COOH

After allowing 30 minutes for fatty acid beta-oxidation, the label would MOST likely be recovered in:
A) acetyl-CoA.
B) beta-hydroxy butyryl-CoA.
C) both acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA.
D) palmitoyl-CoA.
E) propionyl-CoA.
A

E) propionyl-CoA

61
Q 
The carbon atoms of a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA and:
A) butyrate.
B) citrate.
C) malate.
D) succinyl-CoA.
E) alpha-ketoglutarate.
A

D) succinyl-CoA.

62
Q 
In the disease sprue, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is poorly absorbed in the intestine, resulting in B12 deficiency. If each of the following fatty acids were in the diet, for which one would the process of fatty acid oxidation be MOST affected in a patient with sprue?
A) CH3(CH2)10COOH
B) CH3(CH2)11COOH 
C) CH3(CH2)12COOH 
D) CH3(CH2)14COOH
E) CH3(CH2)18COOH
A

B) CH3(CH2)11COOH

63
Q 
The metabolite that regulates the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I is: A) acetyl-CoA.
B) carnitine-CoA. 
C) malonyl-CoA.
D) NADH.
E) CoA.
A

C) malonyl-CoA.

64
Q

Which statement is NOT true about vitamin B12?
A) Vitamin B12 contains a porphyrin ring.
B) Vitamin B12 contains a carbon-cobalt bond.
C) Vitamin B12 readily undergoes homolytic bond cleavage.
D) The deficiency of vitamin B12 causes pernicious anemia.
E) Vitamin B12 catalyzes hydrogen atom exchange with solvent H2O.

A

E) Vitamin B12 catalyzes hydrogen atom exchange with solvent H2O.

65
Q 
During beta-oxidation of fatty acids, \_\_\_\_\_ is produced in peroxisomes but not in mitochondria.
A) acetyl-CoA 
B) FADH2
C) H2O
D) H2O2
E) NADH
A

D) H2O2

66
Q

When comparing the -oxidation and -oxidation pathways, which statement is CORRECT?
A) beta-oxidation and omega oxidation occur in the cytoplasm.
B) beta-oxidation occurs at the carboxyl end of the fatty acid, whereas omega oxidation occurs at the methyl end.
C) Beta-oxidation occurs at the methyl end of the fatty acid, whereas omega oxidation occurs at the carboxyl end.
D) Beta-oxidation occurs mainly in the cytoplasm, whereas omega oxidation occurs mainly in the mitochondria.
E) beta-oxidation occurs mainly in the mitochondria, whereas omega oxidation occurs mainly in the cytoplasm.

A

B) beta-oxidation occurs at the carboxyl end of the fatty acid, whereas omega oxidation occurs at the methyl end.

67
Q 
Ketone bodies are formed in the liver and transported to the extrahepatic tissues mainly as:
A) acetoacetyl-CoA.
B) acetone.
C) beta-hydroxybutyric acid.
D) beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA.
E) lactic acid.
A

C) beta-hydroxybutyric acid.

68
Q 
The major site of formation of acetoacetate from fatty acids is the:
A) adipose tissue.
B) intestinal mucosa.
C) kidney.
D) liver.
E) muscle.
A

D) liver.

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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