Fats

Question 1

Triglyceride

Answer 1

a fat molecule made form 1 part glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 2

Fatty acids

Answer 2

parts of a fat molecule

Question 3

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 3

found mainly in solid fats, e.g. butter, lard, suet, ghee, the fat in meat, chocolate, palm oil

Question 4

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 4

found mainly in liquid plant oils such as olive, rapeseed, sunflower and corn and also oily fish, avocado, nuts, seeds, and some vegetable fat spreads

Question 5

Monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 5

found in solid fats and liquid oils, e.g. nuts, avocado, olives, olive oil

Question 6

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 6

found mainly in plant and vegetable and animal foods, such as salmon, vegetable oils and some nuts and seeds

Question 7

Functions of fats

Answer 7

• Gives energy which is stored in the body - mainly in adipose tissue cells under the skin, the body only breaks down the ft stores to release energy if there is not enough available from carbohydrates
• Insulates the body from the cold - adipose tissue insulates the body
• Protects bones and kidneys from physical damage - adipose tissue provides a ‘cushion’ to protect the bones and kidneys
• 1g of fat gives 9kcal/37KJ
• Provides vitamins A, D, E, K (’fat soluble’ vitamins)

Question 8

Sources of visible fats

Answer 8

fats and oils in a food that you can easily see e.g. fat in meat, oil in tuna, lard, butter, plant oils, etc

Question 9

Sources of invisible fats

Answer 9

fats and oils in a food that you can not see because they are a part of the food e.g. cakes, biscuits, chocolates, pastries, etc

Question 10

What does a deficiency in fat cause?

Answer 10

• Not common in the UK
• Weight loss - the body prefers to use carbohydrates for energy but if it does not have enough energy the body will use up the stores of fat
• Feeling cold
• Bruising of bones if knocked
• Lack of vitamins A, D, E, K

Question 11

What does an excess of fats cause?

Answer 11

• Excess stored as body fat - the body will store a lot of fat in adipose tissue cells and elsewhere in the body e.g. around the intestines, liver, and other vital internal body organs which puts a strain on them
• Organs such as the liver store fat in them which stops them working properly
• Weight gain - obesity
• Can lead to coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, shortage of breath

Question 12

Recommended intake of total fat

Answer 12

no more than 35% of food energy per day

Question 13

Recommended intake of saturated fat

Answer 13

approx 11% of food energy per day

Question 14

Recommended intake of monounsaturated fat

Answer 14

approx 13% of food energy per day

Question 15

Recommended intake of polyunsaturated fat

Answer 15

approx 6.5% of food energy per day