Fats Flashcards
What do we need fats for?
- They provide a concentrated source of energy (twice as much energy per gram as proteins and carbs).
- They are a source of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K.
- Fat forms an insulating layer under our skin which keeps us warm.
- These layers of fat also protect our bones and organs (e.g. our heart and kidneys).
- Our bodies also use fat to make cholesterol, which is an essential part of all cell membranes.
What are fats made up of?
Fatty acids and glycerol in the form of triglycerides.
What are fatty acid chains made of?
Carbon and hydrogen.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids only have single C-C bonds, unsaturated fatty acids contain at least one C=C double bond in their carbon chains.
What does our body break down fats into and in which process?
Breaks down into fatty acids during digestion.
What decides whether a fat is saturated or unsaturated in the body?
The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fats.
What type of fat is classed as unhealthy?
Saturated fats.
What state of matter are saturated fats at room temperature?
Generally solids.
Where can you find saturated fats?
Tend to come from animal sources such as meats (including processed meats like sausages and burgers), butter, lard, suet, and cheese, but they can also come from plant sources like coconut butter.
What happens when you have too much saturated fat in the diet?
Can increase cholesterol levels in the blood, which can increase the risk of coronary heart disease.
What type of fat is classed as healthier?
Unsaturated fats.
What state of matter are unsaturated fats at room temperature?
Generally soft or liquid
Where can you find unsaturated fats?
Vegetable sources that are high in fat (e.g. flax seeds and peanuts) and vegetable oils (e.g. sunflower, rapeseed and olive oils).
What are monounsaturated fats and where can they be found?
- Contain one C=C double bond in their carbon chains.
- Found in foods such as olive oil, almonds, peanut butter and avocados.
What are polyunsaturated fats and where can they be found?
- Contain more than one C=C double bond.
- Found in foods such as sesame oil, soybean oil, seeds and oily fish.