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Marine Toxicology > Fate and Behavior of Chemicals > Flashcards

Fate and Behavior of Chemicals Flashcards

1
Q

Factors affecting movement of chemicals

A

toxicity
physiochemical properties
persistence
mobility

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2
Q

Physical parameters affecting fate and behavior of chemicals

A 
molecular weight
melting/boiling point
solubility in water
volatility
n-octanol/water partition coefficient
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3
Q

Tests to determine fate and behavior of chemicals

A

hydrolysis as a function of pH
Adsorption/Desorption
Photolysis studies
Degradation in natural water/sediment

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4
Q

Chemical contaminants

A

TPH total petroleum hydrocarbons
organochlorines
DDT

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5
Q

Most significant degradation Process

A

microbial degradation

photodegradation

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6
Q

Abiotic process enhancing the degradation process

A

elevated temperature
increased sunlight
aerobic conditions

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7
Q

how to determine organic content

A

combustion techniques

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8
Q

OC content of mobile chemicals

A

less than 500

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9
Q

mobility of negative ions

A

more mobile in silt/clay systems (negatively-charged clay repels negative ion)

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10
Q

persistence

A

ability to resist breakdown

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11
Q

n-Octanol/water partition coefficient

A

used to predict if a chemical is likely to bioaccumulate in plant and animal tissue

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12
Q

n-octanol/water partition coefficient >3

A

chemical is more likely to concentrate in the food chain

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13
Q

bioconcentration

A

compounds enter the organisms directly and concentrate in tissue

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14
Q

bioaccumulation

A

uptake of residues through the food chain

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15
Q

biomagnification

A

total process in which tissue concentrations of a lipophilic chemical increase through two or more trophic levels

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16
Q

hydrolysis as a function of pH

A

chemicals are tested against several pH levels to assess its stability to different environmental conditions

17
Q

adsorption/desorption

A

chemicals that are strongly bound to soil or sediment will not be mobile except by a physical transportation and will not be available for uptake

test:
:test chemical added to different soil types
:amount of free and bound chemical is determined

18
Q

Factors affecting adsorption

A 
particle size
type of soil
organic matter
cation exchange capacity
water solubility
octanol/water partition coefficient
19
Q

Photolysis studies

A

determine the stability of chemical in the presence of light

20
Q

degradation in natural water/sediment

A

test chemical is added to sediment plus water from river or stream

Marine Toxicology (7 decks)

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