Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are dietary sources of Vitamin A?

A

from retinol esters in animal sources and beta carotene (pro-vitamin A) in plant sources
- carrots, cantaloupe, broccoli, eggs, milk

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2
Q

What are dietary sources of Vitamin D?

A

milk and sunshine

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3
Q

What are dietary sources of Vitamin K1?

A

green veggies like broccoli, spinach, and asparagus

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4
Q

What are dietary sources of Vitamin K2?

A

gut micro-flora in the large intestine

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5
Q

What are dietary sources of Vitamin E?

A

nuts/seeds, salmon

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6
Q

What is the role of Vitamin A?

A
  • essential to vision, promotes healthy surface linings of eyes, respiratory, urinary, and intestinal tracts
  • effective anti-oxidant
  • control lipid per oxidation
  • cell differentiation
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7
Q

What disorders are associated with Vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • night blindness
  • Xerophthalmia - dry eyes and inability to produce tears
  • Keratomalacia - softening of the cornea
  • Bitot’s spots- abnormal surface of the eye
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8
Q

What sort of issues are associated with too much Vitamin A?

A

hypervitaminosis A

  • Acutely: nausea/vomiting/vertigo
  • Chronically: ataxia, alopecia, hyperlipidemia etc.
  • Teratogenic: spontaneous loss of fetes or fetal malformations
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9
Q

what are the therapeutic uses of Vitamin A?

A

they are used for hyperkeratotic and hyper proliferative skin disorders - and they reduce proliferation of sebaceous glands (treat acne)

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10
Q

Who is most at risk of a vitamin D deficiency?

A
  • breast fed infants
  • dark skin
  • elderly
  • fat malabsorption syndromes
    inflammatory bowel disease
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11
Q

What is Rickets?

A

vitamin D deficiency in children leads to reduction in Ca absorption

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12
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

reduction in Ca Absorption in adults

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13
Q

What is the result of too much Vitamin D?

A

Hypervitaminosis D = can lead to hypercalcaemia (calcium deposits in tissues, joints, lungs, brain and kidney) constipation, decreased appetite and muscle weakness

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14
Q

plasma concentration of what vitamin product correlates with plasma lipid and cholesterol levels?

A

concentration of Vitamin E

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15
Q

what is the role of Vitamin E in the body?

A

Anti-oxidant role : acts as free scavenger- protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from per oxidation, protects fats in LDL from oxidation

non-oxidant role: inhibition of protein kinase C, modulates cellular transport of retinoic acid, down regulates expression of oxidised LDL scavenger receptors in smooth muscle cells

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16
Q

What can cause a Vitamin E deficiency?

A

severe malnutrition, disorders of fat metabolism, genetic defect in alphaTTP (carrier protein)
symptoms: neuromuscular - myopathy or ataxia and haemolysis

17
Q

What needs to be intact for proper vitamin K absorption?

A

pancreatic and biliary function - dietary vitamin K is cleaved from its carrier protein by pancreatic enzymes in the small intestine - bile salts solubilise it for absorption into micelles and chylomicrons - it is transported to the liver for storage via the lymph system

18
Q

what is the physiological role of Vitamin K?

A

they have a major role in the coagulation cascade

19
Q

What is the cause of vitamin K deficiency? What is the result?

A
  • common in newborns
  • in adults primary deficiency is uncommon
  • acquired deficiency is a result of long term use of antibiotics
    mucosal bleeding results, as well as easy bruising, melon, splinter haemorrhages…