Fat-Soluable Vitamins: Introduction

Question 1

How many products are used w/o HCP recommendation?

Answer 1

>75%

Question 2

When are vitamins/supplements worthwhile? (3)

Answer 2

• Inadequate intake
  
  • alcoholics, elderly, poor diet
• Malabsorptions
  
  • GI disorder, gallbladder removal (need to be detergitized with bile)
• Increased needs
  
  • Pregnant, infant, injury
• Venn diagram and people in the middle REALLY need them

Question 3

Definitions: Vitamins, minerals and vitamers

Answer 3

• Vitamin: organic compound needed in small amount
• Mineral: chemical element needed in small amount
• Vitamer: different forms of a particular vitamin

Question 4

Reference Tables for Intake of Vitamins and Elements: Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (3)

Answer 4

• EAR: Estimated average requirement
  
  • average to meet requirement of half of population
• RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowance
  
  • average to meet requirement of 97-98% of population
• Upper Limit
  
  • Max unlikely to cause harm

Question 5

RDA equation

Answer 5

RDA=EAR + 2*SD_ear =EAR + 20%

Question 6

Who sets daily values?

Answer 6

FDA

Question 7

Two Groups of Daily Values set by the FDA

Answer 7

• Daily Reference Value (DRV)
  
  • For normal energy producing ingredients
• Reference Daily Intakes (RDI)
  
  • Vitmains and minerals
• DV usually similar to RDA
• DV mainly for labeling

Question 8

Standardization of Labeling

Answer 8

• potencies based on weight preferred over IU of the most active vitamer
• IoM guidelines use weight
• FDA labels use both

Question 9

General Properties of Fat-Soluable Vitamins

Answer 9

• Stored in fat; takes time for a deficient state to occur
• More likely to cause toxicity
• Act direcly (E), bind nuclear receptors (D/A), or act as a cofactor for Gla protein production (K)
• Absorbed through lympathic system; bile is required
• Diseases imparing fat absorptions (ulcerative colitis, Crohns) and certain meds can lead to deficiency
  
  • Choestryamine: treat cholesterol. Binds bile salts so liver has to make more from cholesterol