Fat-Cancer

Question 1

melanoma /’melənoma/

Answer 1

A dark-pigmented, usually malignant tumor arising from a melanocyte and occurring most commonly in the skin.

Question 2

pigment

Answer 2

(Biology) a substance occurring in plant or animal tissue and producing a characteristic colour, such as chlorophyll in green plants and haemoglobin in red blood

Question 3

malignant /mə’___/

Answer 3

1. Medicine
   a. Tending to metastasize: a malignant tumor.
   b. Virulent or threatening to life: a malignant disease.
2. Having or showing ill will; malicious: malignant thoughts.
   uncontrollable, dangerous, evil, fatal, deadly, cancerous, virulent, metastatic, irremediable
   hostile, harmful, bitter, vicious, destructive, malicious, malign, hurtful, pernicious, malevolent, spiteful, baleful, injurious, inimical, maleficent
   Anta.: benevolent, amicable,

Question 4

link, association

Answer 4

suggest a connection between fat cells and the growth of melanoma.
The link could offer a fresh avenue for treatment.

Question 5

It’s perhaps not surprising that….

Answer 5

So it’s perhaps not surprising that certain cancer cells show a clear preference for growth in fatty tissues.

Question 6

adipose (ˈæd əˌpoʊs)

Answer 6

adj
(Physiology) of, resembling, or containing fat; fatty
n
(Physiology) animal fat

fat, fatty, greasy, oily, oleaginous, unctuous.

Question 7

take in

Answer 7

a. To get something into one’s possession; acquire possession: The invaders took and took, until they had everything.
b. To accept or receive something: When it comes to advice, you take but you never give.

Question 8

lipid

Answer 8

any of a group of organic compounds comprising fats, waxes, and similar substances that are greasy, insoluble in water, and soluble in alcohol: one of the chief structural components of the living cell.

Question 9

shed

Answer 9

1. shed light on shed light upon throw light on throw light upon to clarify or supply additional information about
2. to cast off or lose: the snake shed its skin; trees shed their leaves.

Question 10

means

Answer 10

means(used with a sing. or pl. verb) A method, a course of action, or an instrument by which an act can be accomplished or an end achieved.

5. means(used with a pl. verb)
   a. Money, property, or other wealth: You ought to live within your means.
   b. Great wealth: a woman of means.

Question 11

by means of

Answer 11

With the use of; owing to: They succeeded by means of patience and sacrifice.

Question 12

by no means

Answer 12

In no sense; certainly not: This remark by no means should be taken lightly.

Question 13

by all means

Answer 13

Without fail; certainly.

Question 14

set out

Answer 14

1. To begin an earnest attempt; undertake: He set out to understand why the plan had failed.
2. To lay out systematically or graphically: set out a terrace.
3. To display for exhibition or sale.
4. To plant: set out seedlings.
5. To start a journey: She set out at dawn for town.

Question 15

implicate

Answer 15

1. to show to be involved, esp in a crime
2. to involve as a necessary inference; imply: his protest implicated censure by the authorities.
3. to affect intimately: this news implicates my decision.

Question 16

regulate

Answer 16

1. To control or direct according to rule, principle, or law.
2. To adjust to a particular specification or requirement: regulate temperature.
3. To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning.
4. To put or maintain in order: regulate one’s eating habits.

Question 17

adipocytes (fat cells)

ˈædɪpəˌsaɪt

Answer 17

a fat cell that accumulates and stores fats

Question 18

collagen

KK[ˋkɑlədʒən]

Answer 18

a strongly fibrous protein that is abundant in bone, tendons, cartilage, and connective tissue, yielding gelatin when denatured by boiling.
膠原蛋白

Question 19

membrane

Answer 19

膜

1. any thin pliable sheet of material
2. (Biology) a pliable sheetlike usually fibrous tissue that covers, lines, or connects plant and animal organs or cells
3. (Biology) biology a double layer of lipid, containing some proteins, that surrounds biological cells and some of their internal structures

Question 20

pliable

Answer 20

1. Easily bent or shaped. See Synonyms at malleable.
2. Capable of being changed or adjusted to meet particular or varied needs: a pliable policy.
3. Easily influenced, persuaded, or controlled: replaced the complainer with a more pliable subordinate.
   flixible, plastic, supple, lithe, malleable
   compliant, susceptible, responsive, manageable, persuadable

Question 21

metabolism

mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm

Answer 21

The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life.

Question 22

subset

Answer 22

a set that is a part of a larger set.

Question 23

regime

Answer 23

A regulated system of diet, exercise, or medical treatment; a regimen.
a system of rule or government.

Question 24

untangle

Answer 24

Researchers have found that obesity is a significant risk factor for cancer and they are still untangling the relationship.
it does show a concrete link between lipids and cancer growth. In that sense, it adds one piece to what is likely a very large puzzle.

Question 25

forestall

Answer 25

a. To delay, hinder, or prevent (an event, for example) by taking action beforehand: “rehabilitative care, where the goal is not so much to cure disease as it is to forestall further decline” (George Anders). See Synonyms at prevent.
b. To delay, hinder, or prevent (someone) from doing something by taking action beforehand.

Whether altering one’s diet to consume less fats might forestall melanoma progression is another open question

prevent, stop, frustrate, anticipate, head off, parry, thwart, intercept, hinder, preclude, balk, circumvent, obviate, nip in the bud, provide against