Fascism Final

Question 1

Geneva- Hauge Convention

Answer 1

defined laws of war and war crimes, banned chemical warfare, killing prisoners, and attacking civilian towns

Question 2

stucturalism vs. intentionalism

Answer 2

Q: Did Hitler have a master plan when launching the Holocaust?

1. intentionalists: yes, Hitler gave the orders for the mass killings
2. Structuralists: no. Hitler was still responsible for anti-semitism, but the main initiative for the holocaust came from the lower ranks of bureaucracy

Question 3

resistenz

Answer 3

communist and socialist
white rose
edelweiss pirates
swing kids
wehrmacht plots
hubener
confessing church

Question 4

degenerate art

Answer 4

modern art and jazz music, all banned by hitler, did not promote the state or the fuhrer or racial purity

Question 5

nazi kitsch

Answer 5

garbage art- what Hitler liked, porn

Question 6

freikorps

Answer 6

Germananti- communists that had come back from WWI believing that it was because of the communists that they had lost

Question 7

munich agreement

Answer 7

permitted nazis to annex part of the czechslovakia called the sudetenland- german speaking

Question 8

anschlusse

Answer 8

connection or union in german- annexation and occupation of austria to nazi germany

Question 9

saarland

Answer 9

smallest german state, border of france and german. Was french occupied from 1947-1956

Question 10

guernica

Answer 10

villiage in spain that was attacked by the german and italian air forces in response to spanish nationalist party’s request. during spanish civil war

Question 11

falange

Answer 11

several spanish political movements and parties, since 1975 split into different parties, founded by rivera- ceased to have a fascist element but cooped with franco

Question 12

international brigade

Answer 12

volunteers from diff countries assisting the spanish republics side against fascism where germany and italy backed franco

Question 13

confessing church

Answer 13

protestant church that opposed the nazifcation of churches

Question 14

condor legion

Answer 14

german volunteers fighting for the spanish nationalists, responsible for bombing at guernica

Question 15

molotov-ribbentrop pact

Answer 15

Treaty of non agression between germany and soviet union, germany would not support japan in its war vs. soviets, secret protocol divided many places into spheres of influence

Question 16

OVRA

Answer 16

organization for vigilance and repression of anti- fascism, secret police of italy- same as gestapo of germany

Question 17

lateran pacts

Answer 17

agreements between italy and holy see, vatican is fully independent and full soverignty

Question 18

rome- berlin axis

Answer 18

pact between mussolini and hitler

Question 19

pact of steel

Answer 19

supposed to be alliance between italy germany and japan but japan wanted primary aim at russia while italy and germany wanted it at france and britain- only italy and germany signed it

Question 20

people’s society

Answer 20

used to blame jews for wwii, accused of obstructing germany national regeneration

Question 21

people’s stew

Answer 21

social program set up by nazis for germans to get food

Question 22

white rose movement

Answer 22

sophie and hans schoell led it. non- violent intellectual movement known for leaving leaflets versus hitler

Question 23

eastern front

Answer 23

30 of 70 million deaths took place here, wars of rule not followed by germany, extermination camps, pogroms, death marches and ghettos. contributed to rise of soviet union and fall of germany.

Question 24

ostarbeiter

Answer 24

3-5 million forced slave laborers from eastern europe working in germany

Question 25

phony war

Answer 25

period at beginning of the war where the allies had declared war yet were not really doing anything against german reich

Question 26

italian social republic

Answer 26

puppet state of germany in italy. run by mussolini. enforced by german military

Question 27

historikerstreit

Answer 27

dispute in 1980’s comparing crimes of nazi germany to those of the soviet union

Question 28

lidice

Answer 28

hitler killed whole town by either execution or concentration camps in present Czech republic

Question 29

oradour-sur-glane

Answer 29

city in france, SS gathered all to town square, killed men, put women and children in church and burned it

Question 30

ardeatine caves

Answer 30

mass killing in rome by germans in response to a partisan attack the previous day

Question 31

dunkirk

Answer 31

french city, during battle of france the british evacuated all of the french and british out

Question 32

battle of britain

Answer 32

air campaign of germany vs. britain. germany could not achieve dominance over the RAF

Question 33

italian social movement

Answer 33

neo- fascist party in italy, formed in 1946 by followers of Mussolini, supported Christian democrats during the 1950’s and 60’s as they opposed communism