Fascism Final Flashcards
Geneva- Hauge Convention
defined laws of war and war crimes, banned chemical warfare, killing prisoners, and attacking civilian towns
stucturalism vs. intentionalism
Q: Did Hitler have a master plan when launching the Holocaust?
- intentionalists: yes, Hitler gave the orders for the mass killings
- Structuralists: no. Hitler was still responsible for anti-semitism, but the main initiative for the holocaust came from the lower ranks of bureaucracy
resistenz
communist and socialist white rose edelweiss pirates swing kids wehrmacht plots hubener confessing church
degenerate art
modern art and jazz music, all banned by hitler, did not promote the state or the fuhrer or racial purity
nazi kitsch
garbage art- what Hitler liked, porn
freikorps
Germananti- communists that had come back from WWI believing that it was because of the communists that they had lost
munich agreement
permitted nazis to annex part of the czechslovakia called the sudetenland- german speaking
anschlusse
connection or union in german- annexation and occupation of austria to nazi germany
saarland
smallest german state, border of france and german. Was french occupied from 1947-1956
guernica
villiage in spain that was attacked by the german and italian air forces in response to spanish nationalist party’s request. during spanish civil war
falange
several spanish political movements and parties, since 1975 split into different parties, founded by rivera- ceased to have a fascist element but cooped with franco
international brigade
volunteers from diff countries assisting the spanish republics side against fascism where germany and italy backed franco
confessing church
protestant church that opposed the nazifcation of churches
condor legion
german volunteers fighting for the spanish nationalists, responsible for bombing at guernica
molotov-ribbentrop pact
Treaty of non agression between germany and soviet union, germany would not support japan in its war vs. soviets, secret protocol divided many places into spheres of influence
OVRA
organization for vigilance and repression of anti- fascism, secret police of italy- same as gestapo of germany
lateran pacts
agreements between italy and holy see, vatican is fully independent and full soverignty
rome- berlin axis
pact between mussolini and hitler
pact of steel
supposed to be alliance between italy germany and japan but japan wanted primary aim at russia while italy and germany wanted it at france and britain- only italy and germany signed it
people’s society
used to blame jews for wwii, accused of obstructing germany national regeneration
people’s stew
social program set up by nazis for germans to get food
white rose movement
sophie and hans schoell led it. non- violent intellectual movement known for leaving leaflets versus hitler
eastern front
30 of 70 million deaths took place here, wars of rule not followed by germany, extermination camps, pogroms, death marches and ghettos. contributed to rise of soviet union and fall of germany.
ostarbeiter
3-5 million forced slave laborers from eastern europe working in germany
phony war
period at beginning of the war where the allies had declared war yet were not really doing anything against german reich
italian social republic
puppet state of germany in italy. run by mussolini. enforced by german military
historikerstreit
dispute in 1980’s comparing crimes of nazi germany to those of the soviet union
lidice
hitler killed whole town by either execution or concentration camps in present Czech republic
oradour-sur-glane
city in france, SS gathered all to town square, killed men, put women and children in church and burned it
ardeatine caves
mass killing in rome by germans in response to a partisan attack the previous day
dunkirk
french city, during battle of france the british evacuated all of the french and british out
battle of britain
air campaign of germany vs. britain. germany could not achieve dominance over the RAF
italian social movement
neo- fascist party in italy, formed in 1946 by followers of Mussolini, supported Christian democrats during the 1950’s and 60’s as they opposed communism
