fasciolidae Flashcards
These flukes are large and leaf like in appearance that usually occur in
herbivores.
fasciolidae
They have spiny cuticle and their suckers (oral and ventral) are close to each other. The receptaculum seminis is absent but they have a well-developed vitellaria.
fasciolidae
The ovary, testes and vitellaria are highly branched. A pharynx and
esophagus is present and the ceca may be branched or simple
fasciolidae
They are parasitic in
the liver, bile ducts and sometimes in the small intestine.
fasciolidae
2 most important specie of fasciolidae
fasciola hepatica and gigantica
liver fluke
fasciola hepatica
giant liver fluke
fasciola gigantica
this specie is broader anteriorly and has broad sides and prominent shoulders
fasciola hepatica
this specie is longer, bigger with parallel sides and with less
distinct shoulders.
fasciola gigantica
The eggs are operculated, with yellowish shell filled with indistinct cells, however the operculum is not very distinct
fasciola gigantica
what disease is caused by the genus fasciola
fasciolosis (fascioliasis)
liver fluke disease or liver rot.
more widespread and occurs in temperate countries and in some
tropical areas
f. hepatica
occurs commonly in tropical &
subtropical areas.
f. gigantica
in the philippines, which is more common, F. hepatica or F. gigantica?
f. gigantica
the genus fasciola is prrsent in almost all provinces and have a high incidence in ____
leyte, sorsogon, masbate
the life cycle of fasciola
from IH, the unembruonated egg are passed through the bile ducts, to duodenum, and then to feces.
eggs in contact with water at 25-27C will hatch into the miracidium in about 10-12 days and will have to find a snail host. if they couldnt find a host, they will die.
then they will cast off their ciliated covering and becomes sporocyst
then to redia, about 5-8 generations
the redia will give rise to 650 cercaria. the motile cercaria swims in bodies of water and settles on grass and will secrete a cyst or covering so it will become metacercaria. this metacercaria will settle at the bottom of the water
what snail host does the s. hepatica prefer
lymnaea truncatula
what snail host does the f. gigantica
lymnaea articularia
what is the mostcommon snail host of fasciola sp in the philippines
Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa and Lymnaea philippinensis
infection of fasciola of an animal
though ingestion of metacercaria either from infected/
contaminated herbage or drinking water.
it occurs after ingestion of metacercaria
exystation or removal of the cyst in duodenum which will relaease the young fluke (marita).
the route of the young fluke (marita)
penetrates intestinal wall and migrate to abdominal cavity and reaches to penetrate liver capsule
Longevity of adults can reach up to _________ in some animals. Adult flukes can
produce_______ eggs per day.
9 months or up to 5-11 years
8,000-25,000
Migration of marita in the liver parenchyma usually takes ______ and then will finally settle in the bile ducts and becomes adult in about 2-4 months post infection of the animal host
5-6 weeks
The primary damage done by fasciola
hemorrhage and lesions in the liver parenchyma due to the migration of immature flukes until they reach the bile ducts.
2 forms of fasciolosis
acute and chronis
this form of fasciolosis is more common in sheep infection and asscociated with the black disease caused by Clostridium novyi.
acute fasciolosis
clinical signs of acute fasciolosis
anorexia, less rumination, distended abdomen and the animal dies suddenly with blood stained froth in the nostrils and anus (must be differentiated from anthrax).
the most common form of fasciolosis among herbivorous animals like cattle, carabao, sheep and goat.
chronic
Clinical signs of chronic fasciolosis
anemia, weight loss, weakness, marked emaciation, loss of appetite and edema of the inter-mandibular space (bottle jaw
appearance).
due to the constant irritation caused by capsular spines and movement of flukes in the liver thus it becomes fibrotic and calcified.
Hyperplasia
characterized by resemblance to clay pipe such that it is named as pipe stem liver
Fibrosis and calcification in the bile ducts
advanced confirmatory test for fasciolosis confirmation
serology and molecular techniques
the drug of choice, it is active against immature and
adult flukes.
triclabendazole
Control points of fasciolosis
use of anthelmintics
Control of the snail host
Pasture management and other practical control methods
known species of Fasciola in buck
f. tragelaphi
known species of Fasciola in elephant
Fasciola jacksoni
known species of Fasciola in hoppopotamus
Fasciola nyanzae
