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Back & Extremities > Fascia and Superficial Veins LE (Final) > Flashcards

Fascia and Superficial Veins LE (Final) Flashcards

1
Q

The subcutaneous tissue of the lower limbs consists of loose CT that contains ________________________ and their tributaries, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes. The deep fascia is strong, investing the limb like an elastic stocking

A

great and small saphenous veins

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2
Q

The deep fascia of the lower limb limits what?

A

outward expansion of contracting muscles and makes muscular contraction more efficient in compressing veins to push blood toward the heart

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3
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called?

A

fascia lata

(it continues inferior to the knee as the deep fascia of the leg)

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4
Q

The thigh muscles are separated into 3 compartments. What are they?

A

anterior, medial and posterior

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5
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral n.

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6
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator n.

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7
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

tibial n.

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8
Q

What are the superior attachments for the fascia lata?

Quiz select all that apply q

A

-inguinal ligament
-pubic arch
-body of pubis
-pubic tubercle

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9
Q

What is the inferior attachment for the fascia lata?

test q

A

membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue (scarpa fascia)

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10
Q

What is the lateral attachment for the fascia lata?

A

iliac crest

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11
Q

What are the posterior attachments for the fascia lata?

A

-sacrum
-coccyx
-sacrotuberous ligament
-ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

The ______________ opening in the fascia lata is a gap or hiatus in the fascia lata inferior to the medial part of the inguinal ligament. Its medial margin is smooth but its superior, lateral, and inferior margins form a sharp crescentic edge, the _____________ margin. This margin is joined at its medial margin by fibrofatty tissue, the cribiform fascia

A

saphenous, falciform

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13
Q

The deep fascia of the leg, ______ fascia, attaches to the anterior and medial borders of the _________

A

crural, tibia

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14
Q

The deep fascia of the leg, also known as crural fascia forms the superior and inferior….

A

extensor retinacula

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15
Q

The deep fascia of the leg, also known as crural fascia, divides the leg into 3 compartments. What are they?

A

1) anterior (dorsiflexor) compartment
2) lateral (fibular) compartment
3) posterior (plantarflexor) compartment

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16
Q

The muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg are subdivided into superficial and deep parts by the….

A

transverse intermuscular septum

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular n.

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular n.

19
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial n.

20
Q

T/F: the lower limbs have superficial and deep veins

A

true

21
Q

The superficial veins of the leg are in what tissue?

A

subcutaneous

22
Q

T/F: superficial and deep veins of the legs have valves

A

true, but more numerous in the deep veins

23
Q

Which vein is formed by the union of the dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch of the foot?

A

great saphenous vein

24
Q

Which vein ascends anteriorly to the medial malleolus and anastomoses freely with the small saphenous vein?

A

great saphenous vein

25
Q

Which vein traverses the saphenous opening and empties into the femoral vein?

A

great saphenous vein

26
Q

How many valves does the great saphenous vein have?

A

10-12 valves (which is more numerous in the leg, than in the thigh)

27
Q

The great saphenous vein has 10-12 valves. Where are they located?

A

just inferior to the perforating veins (which also have valves)

28
Q

Venous valves are cusps/flaps that are cup-like valvular sinuses that fill from above. When they are full, the valve cusps occlude the lumen of the vein, thereby preventing reflux of blood distally, making flow ________________. The valvular mechanism also breaks the column of blood in the ____________ v. into shorter segments, reducing back pressure. Both effects make it easier for the musculovenous pump to overcome the force of gravity to return the blood to the heart

A

unidirectional, saphenous

29
Q

The great saphenous vein receives numerous tributaries and communicates in several locations with the _________________ vein

A

small saphenous

30
Q

The great saphenous vein receives numerous tributaries and communicates in several locations with the small saphenous vein. Tributaries from the medial and posterior aspects of the thigh frequently unite to form an _________________ vein

A

accessory saphenous

31
Q

Which vein is the main communication between the great and small saphenous vein?

A

accessory saphenous vein

32
Q

The lateral and anterior cutaneous veins arise from networks of veins in the inferior part of the thigh and enter the great saphenous vein superiorly, just before it enters the ___________ v. Near its termination, the great saphenous vein also receives the superficial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric, and external pudendal veins

A

femoral

33
Q

Which vein arises on the lateral side of the foot from the union of the dorsal vein of the little toe with the dorsal venous arch?

A

small saphenous vein

34
Q

Which vein ascends posteriorly to the lateral malleolus as a continuation of the lateral marginal vein and ascends between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

small saphenous vein

35
Q

Which vein empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa?

A

small saphenous vein

36
Q

Which veins penetrate the deep fascia close to their origin from the superficial veins and contains valves that allow blood to flow only from the superficial veins to the deep veins?

A

perforating veins

37
Q

The perforating veins pass through the deep fascia at an ___________ angle so that when muscles contract and the pressure increases inside the deep fascia, the perforating veins are compressed. Compression of the perforating veins also prevents blood from flowing from the deep to superifical veins. This pattern of venous blood flow from superficial to deep is important for proper venous return from the lower limb bc it enable muscular contractions to propel blood toward the heart against the pull of gravity. This is known as ______________________

A

oblique, musculovenous pump

38
Q

Where are varicose veins common?

A

in the posteromedial parts of the lower limb

39
Q

What are varicose veins caused by?

A

incompetent valves, usually due to lack of exercise/activity or subluxation

(when the valves within the great saphenous vein itself are incompetent, the pull of gravity on the uninterrupted column of blood results in a higher intraluminal pressure, which also exacerbates varicosities. As a result, the superficial veins become torturous and dilated)

39
Q

The veins of the lower limb are subject to ____________________ after a bone fracture

A

venous thrombosis (blood clotting)

40
Q

Venous stasis (stagnation) is an important cause of thrombus formation. Venous stasis can be caused by what?

A

-incompetent loose fascia that fails to resist muscle expansion diminishing the effectiveness of the musculovenous pump
-external pressure on the veins from bedding during a prolonged hospital stay or form a tight cast or bandage
-muscular inactivity such as during a long flight

41
Q

Venous inflammation with thrombus formation, _________________, may develop around the vein. A thrombus that breaks free from a lower limb vein and travels to the lungs constitutes a pulmonary thromboembolism (obstruction of a pulmonary a.)

A

thrombophlebitis

42
Q

Which vein is commonly used for coronary arterial bypasses?

A

great saphenous vein

43
Q

Why is the great saphenous vein commonly used for coronary arterial bypasses?

A

-readily accessible
-sufficient distance occurs between the tributaries and the perforating veins so that useable lengths can be harvested
-its wall contains a higher percentage of muscular and elastic fibers than do other superficial veins
-saphenous vein grafts are used to bypass obstructions in blood vessels like in an intracoronary thrombus

Back & Extremities (10 decks)

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