Farmakoterapi UTS

Question 1

Pemicu munculnya AMR antimicrobial resistance (give 6)

Answer 1

1. Profit oriented produksi peternakan dan akuakultur
2. Antibiotik digunakan tanpa resep dokter
3. Antibiotik digunakan untuk profilaksis/pencegahan penyakit (prevention not cure)
4. Antibiotik digunakan untuk infeksi virus/parasit
5. Misuse dan overuse
6. Antibiotik digunakan sbg pemacu pertumbuhan (AGP)

Question 2

Vaccination is one of the solutions of preventing AMR. True or false

Answer 2

Trus

Question 3

Kemoterapi harus mempunyai tosisitas selektif atau mempunyai efek … terhadap penyebab penyakit

Answer 3

Antagonis selektif

Question 4

Who first coined the term “chemotherapy”?

Answer 4

Paul Ehrlich

Question 5

Penisilin ditemukan oleh? (1928)

Answer 5

Alexander Fleming

Question 6

Antibiotik hanya boleh diproduks secara sintesis. true or false?

Answer 6

False, boleh dihasilkan oleh microorganism tertentu, ia dapat menghambat ataupun mebunuh bakteri yang merugikan hospes

Question 7

Penicilin sumbernya dari …

Answer 7

Fungi Penicillum notatum

Question 8

Which gram positive bacteria produces polymyxin antibiotic?

Answer 8

Bacillus polymyxa

Question 9

Contoh golongan antibiotik berdasar biosintesisnya; berikan contohnya

Answer 9

1. Derivat asam amino - penisilin, kloromfenikol
2. Derivat Karbohidrat - streptomisin, gentamisin
3. Derivat acetat dan propionate -tetrasiklin, kel. Makrolida
4. Derivat lain lain - novobocin, puromisin

Question 10

Whats the difference between bacteriostatic and bactericid (batericisal)

Answer 10

Bacteristtic are antiibiotic that inhibits the action of bacteria (menghambat) whereas bacteriacidal kills the bacteria

Question 11

What are the characteristic of a bacteriostatic?

Answer 11

1. works slower compared to bactericidal
2. Some bacteriostatic can become bacteriacidal in high doses
3. Not given to animals that are immunosuppresive due to its mechanism that involves the immune system

Question 12

Apakah meknisme utama antibiotik?

Answer 12

1. Menghambat sintesis dinding sel bakteri
2. Merusak dinding sel bakteri
3. Menghambt sntesis asam nukleat
4. Menghambat sintesis protein

Question 13

Contoh antibiotik yang menyerang DNA synthesis (floxacin)

Answer 13

Fluroquinolones, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

Question 14

Contoh klsifiksi antibiotic pada golongan Beta Lactam (b-lactam)

Answer 14

peniicilin, carbapenems, cepahlosporins (1-4 generation)

Question 15

Seleksi anitbiotik dalam dunia praktisi berdasarkan bukti ilmiah mempertimbangkan:

1. Disesuaikan agen infeksi
2. Mengutamakan obat ….
3. Memilih obat … spektrum
4. Memilih obat yang paling sederhana
5. Memperhatikan evidence based medicine and farmakovigillance

Answer 15

Bakterisdi, narrow

Question 16

Keuntungan Kombinasi Obat-obat antibiotika
Berikan contoh kombinasi yang memberi efek tersebut
1. Efek Sinergistik
2. Mengatasi dan mengurangi resitensi
3. Mengurangi toksisitas

Answer 16

1. Betalaktam + Aminoglikosid, Kotrimoksazol (sulfametoksazol + Trimetoprim)
2. Amoksilin + asam Klavuanat, Obat TBC (tubercolosis) dan lepra
3. Trisulfa + sitostatika

Question 17

Antibiotika sediaan alami ini tidak tahan terhdap asam lambung

Answer 17

Penicilin G

Question 18

What is B-lactamase (penicilinase) used for?

Answer 18

Menghancurkan penicilin

Question 19

Contoh penicilin alami

Answer 19

Penicilin V dan G

Question 20

Efek samping pemberinan penicilin

1) Procain-penicilin
2) Sediaan PPG
3) Potassium-penicilin

Answer 20

Procain-penicilin = not allowed for tortoise, snakes, birds, marmot and rabbits. (Kurakura, ular, marmot, kelinci dan burung
Sedian PPG - not given to horse 30 days before a race, affects the CNS
Potassium penicilin given through IV causes hiperkalemia and cardiac aritmia to all animals