Farma Flashcards
Parcijalni agonista?
ne ispoljavaju maksimalni odgovor receptora čak ni kad se vežu za 100% dostupnih receptora.
sta po difoltu znaci postojanje receptora u telu?
da mora da postoji endogena supstanca za taj receptor.
Primer leka koja radi na principu “laznog supstrata”
fluorouracili. menja uracil i blokira sintezu DNK. anticanc.
Primer aspirina da pH nije odlucujuci za apsorpciju.
pH partition is not the main determinant of the site of
absorption of drugs from the gastrointestinal tract. This is
because the enormous absorptive surface area of the villi
and microvilli in the ileum compared with the much
smaller absorptive surface area in the stomach is of overriding importance. Thus, absorption of an acidic drug
such as aspirin is promoted by drugs that accelerate
gastric emptying (e.g. metoclopramide) and retarded by
drugs that slow gastric emptying (e.g. propantheline),
despite the fact that the acidic pH of the stomach contents
favours absorption of weak acids.
pored nitroglicerina, sta jos moze pod jezik?
buprenorfin
Zasto su juznoamerikanci mogli da jedu zivotinje ubijene kurare strelom?
kurare je prejaka baza i gotovo da nema apsorpcije u intestinumu.
zasto se metoklopramid koristi u migreni?
metoclopramide, an antiemetic used in
migraine to facilitate absorption of analgesic
Neka stanja koja mogu smanjiti splanzicki protok krvi?
splanchnic blood flow is greatly reduced by hypovolaemia or heart failure, with a resultant reduction of drug absorption
na koga lici ipratropijum?
is a quaternary ammonium ion analogue of atropine. It is
used as an inhaled bronchodilator because its poor absorption minimises systemic adverse effects
koji lek se daje u oko direkt
Ranibizumab, mokra makularna degeneracija
koji lekovi imaju enterehepaticku recirkulaciju?
morfin, etinilastradiol
oralno uneti hrom, koliko se apsorbuje
0.5 - 2.5%
GFR kroz godine
Glomerular filtration rate declines slowly from about 20
years of age, falling by about 25% at 50 years and by 50%
at 75 years
kako radi toksin crne udovice i simptomi.
alfa-latrotoksin dovodi do oslobadjanja vezikula pune Ach u sinaptički prostor.
Simptomi: znojenje, grčevi u mišićima, hipertenzija, ubrzan rad srca, itd.
kako deluje botilunum toxin.
sprečava oslobadjanje Ach iz vezikula
M3 antagonista
darifenacin, protiv učestalog mokrenja
nabroj neke holinergicke agoniste
Ach, pilokarpin, betanehol
betanehol?
holinergicki agonist, estar Ach
za praznjenje besike, treatment of acute postoperative and postpartum nonobstructive (functional) urinary retention and for neurogenic atony of the urinary bladder with retention.
pilokarpin?
holinergicki agonist, oftalm, suzavaje zenica (vid fiksiran, pacijent ne moze da fokusira predmete)
Sjorgen sindrom, dva leka
oralni pilokarpin i cevimenilin, oba holinergicki agonisti
Sjorgen, suva usta, suve oci
pilokarpin, akutni ili hornicni glaukom?
akutni, brzo spusta ocni pritisak; moze i da kontrira atropin kod midrijaze
Teriparatid
human rekombinant paratiroidni hormon, osteoporoza, 20 mcg po danu, najcesce 2 godine
Karbamazepin zanimljiva indikacija
neuralgija trigeminusa
kako deluje metoklopramid
blokira dopaminske D2 receptore u mozgu i GIT, i zaustavlja mucninu
najcesca ND metoklopramida
1 - umor, pospanost - Da Dopamin eine wichtige Rolle bei der Regulierung von Wachsamkeit, Motivation und Bewegung spielt, kann die Blockade dieser Rezeptoren zu einer Dämpfung der Gehirnaktivität führen, was sich in Schläfrigkeit oder Müdigkeit äußert.
2- ekstrapirimidalni simptomi (grcevi misica lica, tremor, itd) -
Najcesce ND amlodipina.
Edemi 10 do 20% - sirenje krvnih sudova
Zasto Klozapin nije prva linija za shizo?
Zbog opasnog ND- agranulocitoza oko 1% pacijenata
