Farm Power Flashcards
A mature human being can continuously develop an output of ___HP if he is in good physical condition, well-fed and working in a favorable environment.
0.10 hp
Draft or work animals can develop an output of ____ HP
0.7-1.3 horsepower
He determined the power performance of his steam engines, ran a series of tests with average horses and found that a horse could lift 366 lb of coal out of a mine at the rate of 1 ft/s (22,000 ft-lb/min). He arbitrarily increased this value by 50% to deliberately underrate his engines. The resulting figure is 33,000 ft-lb/min or 550 ft-lb/s. It is approximately equivalent to 0.746 kW .
James Watt of Scotland
refers to all organic materials that originate from living organisms such as wood, agricultural residues, animal wastes and others. Large proportion of biomass, mainly fuelwood, is being used in developing countries.
Biomass
refers to all organic materials that originate from living organisms such as wood, agricultural residues, animal wastes and others. Large proportion of biomass, mainly fuelwood, is being used in developing countries.
Heat Engines
the diameter of the engine cylinder
bore
distance the piston travels in one direction
stroke
volume displaced by the piston in one stroke
piston displacement
the space inside the cylinder when the piston is at top dead center position
clearance volume ( Cv )
the sum of piston displacement and clearance volume
cylinder volume
a measure of the ability of an engine to convert fuel into useful work
engine efficiency
This event is characterized by the taking in of combustible materials.
Intake (suction)
The air or air-fuel mixture which have entered during the intake event is trapped into a small combustion chamber.
Compression
The air-fuel mixture is ignited resulting to a very rapid expansion of the burning mixture.
Power
The burned gases are removed from the combustion chamber.
Exhaust
This engine utilizes an electric spark produced by a spark plug located inside the combustion chamber to ignite the compressed air and fuel mixture. Fuel used is gasoline, and metering is done by a device called carburetor.
Electric (spark) ignition engine.
This engine utilizes the heat of compressed air to ignite the fuel as it is being injected inside the combustion chamber. Fuel used is diesel and metering is accomplished by the fuel injection system.
Compression (injection) ignition engine
require four movements of the piston to complete the cycle
Four-stroke cycle engines
require two movements of the piston to complete the cycle
Two-stroke cycle engines
chemical devices for generating electric current.
Cells or batteries
cell in which the chemical action changes one or more of the active materials in such a way that the cell is completely discharged or ‘dead’.
primary cell
cell which can be restored to its original condition by sending an electric current through it in a direction opposite to that of discharge.
secondary cell
The lubrication of all the principal engine parts depends directly on the splashing of the oil by a dipper on the bottom side of the connecting rod cap that dips into the crankcase oil each time the piston reaches the bottom dead center.
Splash system
Oil is forces directly to the main crankshaft, connecting rod, and camshaft bearings. Drilled passages in the crankshaft carry the oil from the main bearings to the connecting-rod bearings. The oil oozing out of these bearings creates a spray that lubricates the cylinder walls, pistons and piston pins. The valve mechanism is oiled by the pressure from the crankcase.
Pressure-feed and splash system
