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Area I > Farm Power > Flashcards

Farm Power Flashcards

1
Q

A mature human being can continuously develop an output of ___HP if he is in good physical condition, well-fed and working in a favorable environment.

A

0.10 hp

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2
Q

Draft or work animals can develop an output of ____ HP

A

0.7-1.3 horsepower

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3
Q

He determined the power performance of his steam engines, ran a series of tests with average horses and found that a horse could lift 366 lb of coal out of a mine at the rate of 1 ft/s (22,000 ft-lb/min). He arbitrarily increased this value by 50% to deliberately underrate his engines. The resulting figure is 33,000 ft-lb/min or 550 ft-lb/s. It is approximately equivalent to 0.746 kW .

A

James Watt of Scotland

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4
Q

refers to all organic materials that originate from living organisms such as wood, agricultural residues, animal wastes and others. Large proportion of biomass, mainly fuelwood, is being used in developing countries.

A

Biomass

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5
Q

refers to all organic materials that originate from living organisms such as wood, agricultural residues, animal wastes and others. Large proportion of biomass, mainly fuelwood, is being used in developing countries.

A

Heat Engines

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6
Q

the diameter of the engine cylinder

A

bore

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7
Q

distance the piston travels in one direction

A

stroke

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8
Q

volume displaced by the piston in one stroke

A

piston displacement

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9
Q

the space inside the cylinder when the piston is at top dead center position

A

clearance volume ( Cv )

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10
Q

the sum of piston displacement and clearance volume

A

cylinder volume

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11
Q

a measure of the ability of an engine to convert fuel into useful work

A

engine efficiency

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12
Q

This event is characterized by the taking in of combustible materials.

A

Intake (suction)

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13
Q

The air or air-fuel mixture which have entered during the intake event is trapped into a small combustion chamber.

A

Compression

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14
Q

The air-fuel mixture is ignited resulting to a very rapid expansion of the burning mixture.

A

Power

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15
Q

The burned gases are removed from the combustion chamber.

A

Exhaust

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16
Q

This engine utilizes an electric spark produced by a spark plug located inside the combustion chamber to ignite the compressed air and fuel mixture. Fuel used is gasoline, and metering is done by a device called carburetor.

A

Electric (spark) ignition engine.

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17
Q

This engine utilizes the heat of compressed air to ignite the fuel as it is being injected inside the combustion chamber. Fuel used is diesel and metering is accomplished by the fuel injection system.

A

Compression (injection) ignition engine

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18
Q

require four movements of the piston to complete the cycle

A

Four-stroke cycle engines

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19
Q

require two movements of the piston to complete the cycle

A

Two-stroke cycle engines

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20
Q

chemical devices for generating electric current.

A

Cells or batteries

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21
Q

cell in which the chemical action changes one or more of the active materials in such a way that the cell is completely discharged or ‘dead’.

A

primary cell

22
Q

cell which can be restored to its original condition by sending an electric current through it in a direction opposite to that of discharge.

A

secondary cell

23
Q

The lubrication of all the principal engine parts depends directly on the splashing of the oil by a dipper on the bottom side of the connecting rod cap that dips into the crankcase oil each time the piston reaches the bottom dead center.

A

Splash system

24
Q

Oil is forces directly to the main crankshaft, connecting rod, and camshaft bearings. Drilled passages in the crankshaft carry the oil from the main bearings to the connecting-rod bearings. The oil oozing out of these bearings creates a spray that lubricates the cylinder walls, pistons and piston pins. The valve mechanism is oiled by the pressure from the crankcase.

A

Pressure-feed and splash system

25
Q

Oil is forces not only in the crankshaft, connecting rod, and camshaft bearings but also to the piston pin bearings through passages. Cylinders and pistons receive oil from the piston pins and from the mist creates by the oil issuing from various bearings. The valve mechanism is also oiled by pressure.

A

Full-pressure system

26
Q

a device that automatically regulates the speed of an engine. In general, governors are of centrifugal spring-loaded type.

A

governor

27
Q

It is the average net pressure on the piston during the power stroke. It is expressed either in kPa or lb/in2.

A

Indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP)

28
Q

It is the total horsepower generated in the cylinder and received by piston.

A

Indicated horsepower

29
Q

It is the power available at the crankshaft. It is measured using a suitable dynamometer.

A

Brake horsepower (BHP).

30
Q

It is calculated from the brake horsepower of the engine.

A

Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP).

31
Q

It is the ratio of the brake horsepower to the indicated horsepower.

A

Mechanical efficiency

32
Q

It is the ratio of the actual weight of air inducted by the engine during the intake stroke, to the theoretical weight of air that should have been inducted by filling the piston displacement volume with air at atmospheric temperature and pressure.

A

Volumetric efficiency

33
Q

It is the quantity of fuel consumed by an engine on the basis of its horsepower-hour performance.

A

Specific fuel consumption

34
Q

It is the ratio of the horsepower output of an engine to the fuel horsepower.

A

Thermal efficiency

35
Q

the ability to vaporize

A

volatility

36
Q

related to the ability of a fuel to burn in a gasoline engine

A

Octane rating

37
Q

rating given to diesel fuels for their ability to burn without detonating as compared with the performance of reference fuels

A

cetane rating

38
Q

This can be produced in three distinct ways and classified as natural, raw and cracked.

A

Gasoline

39
Q

manufactured from heavier distillation fractions, particularly gas oil. The process consists in breaking up the heavy molecules into lighter ones.

A

Cracked gasoline

40
Q

gasoline is manufactured from the gas that issues from oil wells or is obtained in the distillation of crude oil.

A

Natural gasoline

41
Q

a renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel produced using transesterification, a process that involves the reaction of plant oil with methanol under high temperature and using catalysts to produce ester and glycerol.

A

Biodiesel

42
Q

It can be used directly as it comes from the well without being subjected to any complex refining or purifying action. It is colorless and odorless and consists largely of methane (CH4) and other simple hydrocarbon gases and small amounts of CO2 and nitrogen. Its use must be confined to stationary power units. A suitable pressure regulator or control and a mixing device similar to a carburetor are needed.

A

Natural gas

43
Q

Both are hydrocarbons of the paraffin series and become gases at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature. They are more or less by-products of petroleum refining process.

A

Propane and butane or LPG

44
Q

This fuel is a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. It is made by the partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, like coal, wood, charcoal, sawdust, or similar materials, in an atmosphere of air and steam. It is lower heating value than other gaseous but can be manufactured by relatively simple equipment.

A

Producer gas

45
Q

a term which includes both the essential daily and periodic maintenance work

A

Servicing

46
Q

involves the simple activities such as checking the levels of fuel and oil, condition of the cooling system and transmission belt, and the tightness of the bolts, nuts and screws.

A

Daily maintenance

47
Q

involves the scheduled cleaning, replacement or adjustment of parts related to the valve, ignition, fuel, lubrication and cooling systems.

A

Periodic maintenance

48
Q
  • transmits power from flywheel
  • absorbs impact load
  • allows for gradual application of load to engine
  • permits shifting of gears without stopping the engine
A

clutch

49
Q
  • supplies different speeds of travel
  • supplies necessary torque at different loads
  • used for idling
A

gear box

50
Q
  • allows different speeds of ground wheel when turning

* acts as second speed reduction point in the power train

A

differential

51
Q

used to slow down or stop the vehicle

A

brake system

52
Q

tillage operations that demand the highest draft requirements such that the process of determining tractor size is based on them.

A

primary tillage

Area I (2 decks)

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