Farm animal ophthalmology Flashcards
What is the infectious agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis IBK pink eye?
typically moraxella bovis
can involve mycoplasma spp.
What are the clinical signs of IBK?
keratoconjunctivitis
lacrimation
photophobia
blepharospasm
corneal oedema
neovascularisation
corneal ulceration
abscessation
What increases likelyhood and spread of IBK?
summer months: flies, dust
feeders: close contact and spread
What is the tx options for IBK?
topical: cloxacillin (oxytetracycline on cascade)
systemic: oxytetracycline (ok for lactating)
NSAID
sx if severe ulser
What is prognosis of IBK?
most self-resolve
resolution faster with tx
some cases severe scaring and subsequent reduced vision
What can we do to prevent IBK?
fly control
isolate affected animals where possible
What is the cause of infectioys bovine rhinotracheitis IBR?
BHV-1
What are the clinical signs of IBR?
conjunctivitis
hyperaemia
chemosis
bilateral ocular discharge and nasal discharge
reddened nasal mucosa “red nose”
pyrexia
milk drop
coughing
pneumonia
abortion
What causes malignant catarrhal fever MCF?
ovine herpesvirus 2 which is transmitted from sheep
affects cattle predominantly and also deer and reindeer
What are the clinical signs of MCF?
anorexia
diarrhoea
agalactia
pyrexia
resp signs
enlarged LN
ocular chnaged
What are the dx tools and tx for MCF?
dx: Hx, MCF PCR, post-mortem
tx: supportive care, ABs, NSAIDs
prognosis: grave
What causes squamous cell carcinoma?
UV light
white faced cattle more prone
typically older animals vs built up exposure
What are the clinical signs of SCC?
tumour on sclera/nictitating membrane/eyelid
often ulcerated surface, lacrimation
What is the tx and prognosis of SCC?
3rd eyelid amputation in v early stages
exenteration increases changes of full removal of tumour but expensive
What causes silage eye?
listeria monocytogenes
found in badly ensiled silage
What are the clinical signs of silage eye?
cattle sheep goats
anterior uveitis
lacrimation
blepharospasm
photphobia
corneal oedema in later stages
What is the tx and prevention for silage eye?
tx: systemic oxytetracycline
prevention: good silage in making, storage and fed
What is the prognosis for silage eye?
often self-resolving but faster with tx
some cases result in synechiae or blocked drainage
What causes ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis OIKC pink eye?
mycoplasma conjunctivae
can also involve chlamydia, bramhamella
What are the clinical signs of OIKC?
sheep goats
lacrimation
keratoconjunctivitis
blepharospasm
inflamed conjunctivae
What increases the chance/spread of OIKC?
winter months: feed face feeding, snow storms, durst irritation
carrier animals can bring into naive flock
What is the tx and prognosis for OIKC?
systemic oxytetracycline
often self-resolving, faster with tc
affected individuals may suffer from secondary dz due to blindness
What are the methods of correction of entropion?
common problems in lambs
pinching of eyelid skin
excision of eyelid skin
michel clip
inhection of AB
WHat is the indication for a tarsoraphy?
deep corneal ulcer
can also do 3rd eyelid flap
What is the indication for 3rd eyelid amputation?
SCC
What is the indication for enucleation/exenteration?
ruptured globe
glaucoma
tumours of eye or 3rd eyelid
What are the 2 most common dz of cattle eyes?
new forest eye/ conjunctivitis
silage eye
What should we consider if cattle is blind from the from but eye isn’t cloudy/no cataracts?
potential neuro causes
What is the most common ocular dz in sheep and goats?
pink eye/conjunctivitis
What is the most common ocular problem in pigs?
blind because too fat and eyes are covered
need to loose weight
