Farm

Question 1

What pathogens are involved in contagious mastitis?

Are these more gram positive or negative?

Answer 1

Gram positive

Staph aureus
Sterp agalactiae
Strep dysgalactiae
Strep uberis
Mycoplasma
CNS
Corynebacterium bovis

Question 2

What pathogens are involved in environmental mastitis?

Are these more gram positive or negative?

Answer 2

Gram negative

E.coli
Coliforms
Strep uberis
K. pneumoniae
Environmental streptococci
CNS

Question 3

When is mastitis seasonal?

Answer 3

Contagious in all round calving

Environmental

Question 4

Which type of mastitis tends to take longer to resolve and why?

Answer 4

Contagious
Higher BMSCC
More chronic and so dont tend to cure as easily

Question 5

In what part of the lactation is a case of mastitis still classed as dry period origin?

Answer 5

first 30 days

Question 6

What clinical mastitis case rate should you aim not to exceed?

Answer 6

3 in 12 cows monthly = ~0.25cases/cow/yr(12 months of risk)

Question 7

How How many of each clinical mastitis case origin should be represented in a herd?

Answer 7

2 in 12 cows lactation period = 0.20cases/cow/yr(9months of risk)
1 in 12 cows dry period 1 cases/cow/yr (1 monh of risk)

Question 8

What is the most likely cause of mastitis in a cow that had a high SCC at drying off that is still high at the start of the next lactation?

Answer 8

Contagious

Question 9

How many cows do we aim for that have a high SCC at the end of the lactation to then be low at the start of the next?

Answer 9

> 80%

Question 10

What is likely to be happening if you hav a number of cows going from low SCC to high SCC between lactations and also a number staying high?

Answer 10

Environmental
Hygiene

Looks like a failure to cure but actually getting reinfected

Question 11

What parameters do we assess subclinical mastitis by and what should be the targets for these?

Answer 11

BMSCC: 100-200K cells/ml
<10% high SCC cows
<5% chronic highSCC cows
<5-10% new inefection
< 5-10% High cell count at first recording 
<5% dry period new ifnection rate
>80% dry period cure rate

Question 12

What toxic plants are most likely to cause immediate death?

Answer 12

Yew
Laurel
Potato
Hemolock roots (ditch clearing)
Water dropwort
Lush pasture = fog fever, frothy bloat)

Question 13

What are the signs of acute ragwort toxicity?

Answer 13

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Blindness, Excitability, Ataxia

GI Signs: Diarrhoea, faecal tenesmus, rectal prolapse, colic

Question 14

What are the signs of fog fever?

Answer 14

Mixed inspiratory and expiratory dyspnoea
Mouth breathing, no coughing
Raised HR, and Resps,
Delayed CRT, Pale MM
Generalised fluid crackles
Normal temperature

Question 15

How do you treat fog fever?

Answer 15

Furosemide and meloxicam

Have a high chance of secondary infection - Oxytet

Question 16

What are the plants that can cause photosensitisation?

Answer 16

St. Johns wort
Bog ahphodel
Hypercium species
Ragwort (secondary)

Question 17

What is important to remember about lead toxicity ?

Answer 17

Must inform the APHA

Food safety implications

Question 18

How do you treat lead poisoning?

Answer 18

Supportive and symptomatic

Oral salts MgSO4 preciptate soluble lead EDTA - lead chelating agent

Question 19

What is the most common risk for white line disease?

Answer 19

Prolonged standing on concrete

Question 20

What is the most common risk for Sole ulcers?

Answer 20

Prolonged standing in slurry

Question 21

When are the best times to treim?

Answer 21

Befoore and after risk
More than 4 wekks beore calging and over 8 weeks after
Drying off and mid lactation

Question 22

How should you manage ovine digital dermatitis?

Answer 22

Wet and warm - grazing
Topical oxytet for 3 days
Foot bath flock weekly

Question 23

How should you manage foot rot?

Answer 23

Scald plus D. nodosus
Wet housing 
Plus wall separation
10 days to clean a pasture of D. nodosus
Remove under run horn unless really bad
Foot bathing, systemic ocytet or penicillin and NSAIDs
Segregate bad ones
Vacciation

Question 24

How can you manage a tow granuloma?

Answer 24

Caregul paring - no nerve endings
Presure bandage
AB if evidence of infection

Question 25

What may you need to check with foot bathing?

Answer 25

That they are allwoed to stand on a clean dry surface for up to an hour

Question 26

How should you manage CODD?

Answer 26

Abs - amoxicillin LA or Macrolides (daxtram) , NSAIDs

Can have serious outbreaks

Question 27

What is shelly hoof?

Answer 27

White line disease in sheep

Question 28

When approaching a down cow, in what order should you rule out each system?

Answer 28

Shock
Metabolic disease
Musculoskeletal or neurologicla problem

Question 29

What boichemical parameters can you use to monitor a down cow?

Answer 29

Myglobinuria
CK
AST
Urea

Question 30

Whats the most common reason for obturator nerve damage (splits)?

Answer 30

Dystocia

Hypocalcaemia

Question 31

What lab tests can you do to assess a down cow?

Answer 31

Metabolic disorders: 
Macro minerals: Ca, Mg, Phos
NEBAL: BHB and NEFA
Muscle damage: 
CK and AST
Myoglobinuria
Hydration:
Urea and creatinine
TP and PCV
WBC?

Question 32

Are organic farmers allowed to use synchronisation protocols?

Answer 32

No

But can treat dsease…cysts

Question 33

When should you just use ov sync?

Answer 33

Mostly fine
Cycling
First attempt

Question 34

How do we calculate the pregnancy rate?

Answer 34

Submission rate x conception rate

Question 35

What is the submission rate target?

Answer 35

50%

Question 36

What is the conception rate target?

Answer 36

40%

Question 37

What is the pregnancy rate target?

Answer 37

20%

Question 38

How many cows can a bull serve?

Answer 38

50-70

Question 39

What can cause poor sperm quality?

Answer 39

Treatment with oxytetracycline

Question 40

What may be a signs of brassica poisoning?

Answer 40

Icterus