FAR's Flashcards
Night
The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the American Air Almanac converted to local time.
Morning civil twilight begins when the geometric center of the sun is 6° below the horizon (civil dawn) and ends at sunrise. Evening civil twilight begins at sunset and ends when the geometric center of the sun reaches 6° below the horizon (civil dusk). Civil twilight can also be described as the limit at which twilight illumination is sufficient, under clear weather conditions, for terrestrial objects to be clearly distinguished; at the beginning of morning civil twilight, or end of evening civil twilight, the horizon is clearly defined and the brightest stars are visible under clear atmospheric conditions.
Night - “Recency of experience” (FAR 61.57)
Night is defined as from 1 hr. after sunset to 1 hr. before sunrise.
Aircraft categories (For certification of Airmen); broad classifications of aircraft
a. Airplane
b. Rotorcraft
c. Glider
d. Lighter-than-air
Airplane Classes
For certification of Airmen
a. Single-engine land
b. Multi-engine land
c. Single-engine sea
d. Multi-engine sea
Rotorcraft Classes
For certification of Airmen
a. Helicopter
b. Gyrocopter
- Lighter-Than-Air classes
For certification of Airmen
a. Airship
b. Free balloon
c. Hot air balloon
d. Gas balloon
Category - (For certification of aircraft purposes) is based on intended use or operating limitations.
Classes as used for certification of aircraft are the same as, or very similar to, categories for certification of airmen, e.g., airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air.
1) Transport
2) Normal
3) Utility
4) Limited
5) Restricted
6) Acrobatic
7) Provisional
Air traffic control (ATC) clearance
An authorization to proceed under specific traffic conditions in controlled airspace.
Category
(1) As used with respect to of airmen, means a broad classification of aircraft. Examples include: airplane; rotorcraft; glider; and lighter-than-air; and
(2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a grouping of aircraft based upon intended use or operating limitations. Examples include: transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, limited, restricted, and provisional.
Class
(1) As used with respect to airmen, means a classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics. Examples include: single engine; multiengine; land; water; gyroplane; helicopter; airship; and free balloon; and
(2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means a broad grouping of aircraft having similar characteristics of propulsion, flight, or landing. Examples include: airplane; rotorcraft; glider; balloon; landplane; and seaplane
Rating
A statement that, as part of a certificate, sets forth special conditions, privileges, and limitations
Special VFR Conditions
Mean meteorological conditions that are less than those required for basic VFR flight in controlled airspace and in which some aircraft are permitted flight under VFR.
Special VFR Operations
Means aircraft operating in accordance with ATC clearances within controlled airspace in meteorological conditions less than the basic VFR weather minimums.
a. Such operations must be requested by the pilot and approved by ATC.
Abbreviations and Symbols
- General
AFM airplane flight manual. AGL above ground level. ATC air traffic control. CAS calibrated airspeed. DME distance-measuring equipment compatible with TACAN. FAA Federal Aviation Administration. FSTD flight simulation training device. FTD flight training device. HIRL high-intensity runway light system. IAS indicated airspeed. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization. LSA light sport aircraft. MEL minimum equipment list. MSL mean sea level. NDB (ADF) nondirectional beacon (automatic direction finder). NM nautical mile. RBN radio beacon. REIL runway end identification lights. RNAV area navigation. TACAN ultra-high-frequency tactical air navigational aid. TAS true airspeed. TCAS a traffic alert and collision avoidance system. TDZL touchdown zone lights. VFR visual flight rules. VHF very high frequency. VOR very-high-frequency omnirange station. VORTAC collocated VOR and TACAN.
Abbreviations and Symbols
- Instrument related
ALS approach light system. ASR airport surveillance radar. CAT II Category II. DA decision altitude. DH decision height. FM fan marker. GS glide slope. IFR instrument flight rules. ILS instrument landing system. IM ILS inner marker. INT intersection. LDA localizer-type directional aid. LMM compass locator at middle marker. LOC ILS localizer. LOM compass locator at outer marker. MAA maximum authorized IFR altitude. MALS medium-intensity approach light system. MALSR medium-intensity approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights. MCA minimum crossing altitude. MDA minimum descent altitude. MEA minimum en route IFR altitude. MM ILS middle marker. MOCA minimum obstruction clearance altitude. MRA minimum reception altitude. NOPT no procedure turn required. OM ILS outer marker. PAR precision approach radar. RAIL runway alignment indicator light system. RCLM runway centerline marking. RCLS runway centerline light system. RVR runway visual range as measured in the touchdown zone area. SALS short approach light system. SSALS simplified short approach light system. SSALSR simplified short approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights.
