FAR 91 Review Flashcards
What is the responsibility of the Pilot in Command who deviates from a regulation?
Upon request of the FAA administrator, send a written report of the deviation.
How do the FARs state the prohibition on interference with crewmembers?
No person may
- assualt
- threaten
- intimidate, or
- interfere
with a crewmember in the performance of their duties.
What is the criteria regarding the use of alcohol or drugs as a crewmember
No person shall act as a crewmember:
- within 8 hours of consuming alcohol
- under the influence of alcohol
- while using any drug that impairs
- while having blood alcohol level of .04 or higher
When shall required cremembers be at their station, and when shall the shoulder harness be kept fastened
- Must be at station during takeoff and landing and while enroute unless
- absence is necessary in performance of duties
- physiological needs
- Shoulder harness must be kept fasted while at the crewmember station during takeoff and landing.
- Safety belt shall be fastened while at the station.
Who is responsible to ensure that each person aboard a US registered civil aircraft is provided a seat belt and briefed on its use?
The Pilot in Command
What are the restrictions on flight instruction in civil aircraft
- Must have fully functioning dual flight controls
- In simulated instrument flight, the other control seat must be occupied by a safety pilot with at least a private pilot certificate and adequate vision forward and to the side
Explain the Right of Way Rules
When another aircraft has the right of way, the pilot shall give way to that aircraft and may not pass over, under or ahead unless well clear.
- An aircraft in distress always has right of way
- When converging, the aircraft on the right has the right of way
- When Head on, each aircraft shall alter course to the right
- When overtaking, the overtaken aircraft has the right of way. The overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right
- Landing aircraft have the right of way.
What is the maximum speed below 10,000’ MSL
250 KIAS
What is the maximum speed below 2,500’ AGL within Class C or D airspace
200 KIAS within 4nm of the primary airport in the Class C or D airspace
What is the maximum speed in the airspace underlying Class B?
200 KIAS below Class B airspace or in a VFR corridor designated through Class B.
What is the maximum speed within Class B airspace?
There is no maximum speed designated within Class B airspace unless other airspace restrictions apply (eg 250 KIAS below 10,000’ MSL)
Except for takeoff and landing, what are the minimum operating altitudes
- Anywhere - an altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard
- Over a Congested Area - 1,000’ above the highest obstacle within a 2,000’ radius
- Over other than a Congested Area -
- 500’ above the surface, except
- over open water or sparsely populated areas, no closer than 500’ to any persons, vessel, vehicle or structure
What is the requirement for obtaining and using an altimeter setting below 18,000’ MSL
- Set the altimeter to the current reporte altimeter setting along the route within 100NM
- If no station is available, the current reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station
- With no radio communications available before takeoff, the altimeter setting to obtain airport elevation
What is the responsibility of the pilot as a result of deviation in response to a TCAS warning which causes a deviation from an ATC clearance or instruction?
PIC shall notify ATC of the deviation as soon as possible
What is the responsibility of a pilot that is given priority by ATC in an emergency?
PIC shall submit a detailed report of the emergency within 48 hours to the manager of that ATC facility i_f requested by ATC._
Explain the ATC light signals with respect to aircraft on the surface of the airport
Flashing Green Cleared to taxi
Steady Red Stop
Steady Green Cleared for takeoff
Flashing Red Taxi clear of runway in use
Flashing White Return to starting point on airport
Alternating Red/Green Exercise extreme caution
Explain the pertinent rules for operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class G airspace
- When approaching to land without an operating control tower, all turns will be to the left unless signals or markings indicate otherwise.
- With an operating control tower, communications must be established prior to 4NM from the airport, up to and including 2,500’ AGL
Explain the pertinent rules for operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class D airspace.
- Aircraft must establish communications prior to entering or as soon as practical if departing
- If the radio fails while IFR, follow IFR lost comms procedures (FAR 91.185).
- If VFR continue to operate and land if weather at or above basic VFR, visual contact with the tower is maintained and a clearance to land is received
- Circle the airport to the left unless otherwise required
Explain the pertinent rules for operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class C airspace
- Aircraft must establish communications prior to entering or as soon as practical if departing
- If the radio fails while IFR, follow IFR lost comms procedures (FAR 91.185).
- If VFR continue to operate and land if weather at or above basic VFR, visual contact with the tower is maintained and a clearance to land is received
- Circle the airport to the left unless otherwise required
- Must have an operating Mode C transponder
Explain the pertinent rules for operating in Class B airspace
- Aircraft must establish communications prior to entering or as soon as practical if departing
- If the radio fails while IFR, follow IFR lost comms procedures (FAR 91.185).
- If VFR continue to operate and land if weather at or above basic VFR, visual contact with the tower is maintained and a clearance to land is received
- Circle the airport to the left unless otherwise required
- Must receive ATC clearance prior to entering
- PIC holds at least a private pilot certificate
- For IFR, an operable VOR or TACAN
- An operable two-way radio
- Operable Mode C Transponder
Explain the pertinent rules for operating in restricted or prohibited airspace
Must have permission of the using or controlling agency, as appropriate.
Explain the pertinent rules for operating in Class A airspace
- ATC clearance required prior to entering
- Two-way radio communication is required
- Mode C transponder is required
- ATC may immediately approve an operation within an inop transponder, allowing the flight to continue to airport of ultimate destiniation, making either intermediate stops or proceeding to a place for repairs
Explain the rules for operating in the vicinity of disaster / hazard areas
When a NOTAM for a TFR has been issued, at least one of the following conditions must be met:
- The operation is conducted directly to or from an airport within the area, or is necessary because of impractical VFR flight above or around the area due to weather or terrain. The operation is not conducted for the purpose of observing the incident or event.
- The aircraft is operating under IFR flight plan.
- The aircraft is carrying incident or event personnel, or law enforcement officials
- The aircraft is carrying news representatives AND has filed a flight plan.
Explain the rules for operating in the proximity of Presidential or other parties.
No operations unless otherwise specified in the NOTAM.
How much fuel is required to operate under VFR conditions?
Need enough fuel to fly to point of first intended landing.
Assuming normal cruise speed need:
- Day - 30 minutes reserve
- Night - 45 minutes reserve
What information is required to file a VFR flight plan?
- Aircraft ID and/or radio call sign
- Type of aircraft
- Full name and address of PIC
- Point and proposed time of departure
- Proposed route, cruising altitude, true airspeed
- Destination and ETE
- Fuel on board (in hours)
- Number of persons on board
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class A airspace?
Not applicable - VFR Flight not allowed in Class A
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class B airspace?
- 3 SM visibility
- Clear of Clouds
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class C airspace?
- 3SM visibility
- 500’ below clouds
- 1000’ above clouds
- 2000’ horizontally to clouds
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class D airspace?
- 3SM visibility
- 500’ below clouds
- 1000’ above clouds
- 2000’ horizontally to clouds
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class E airspace
Less than 10,000’ MSL
- 3SM visibility
- 500’ below clouds
- 1000’ above clouds
- 2000’ laterally to clouds
Greater than or equal to 10,000’ MSL
- 5SM visibility
- 1,000’ below clouds
- 1,000’ above clouds
- 1SM laterally to clouds
What are the basic VFR weather minimums in Class G airspace?
<= 1200’ AGL Day
- 1SM visibility
- Clear of Clouds
<= 1200’ AGL Night
- 3SM visibility
- 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ laterally to clouds
<= 10,000’ MSL / >1200’ AGL Day
- 1SM visibility
- 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ laterally to clouds
<= 10,000’ MSL / > 1200’ AGL Night
- 3SM visbility
- 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ laterally to clouds
>= 10,000’ MSL / > 1200’ AGL
- 5SM visibility
- 1000’ below, 1000’ above, 1SM laterally to clouds
When may Special VFR operations be conducted?
- With ATC clearance
- Clear of clouds
- Flight visibility > 1 SM
- Between sunrise and sunset unless pilot and aircraft are certified IFR
- Takeoffs and landings require 1 SM ground visibility and 1SM flight visibility from the cockpit in takeoff position
Describe the VFR cruising altitudes
Below 18,000’ MSL
- East (Magnetic 0 - 179): Odd thousand + 500’
- West (Magnetic (180 - 359): Even thousand + 500’
Above 18,000’ MSL
- As assigned by ATC
How much fuel is required to operate an airplane in IFR conditions?
Enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, and, assuming normal cruising speed,
- Fly to the alternate airport
- 45 minutes reserve
An alternate is not required if a standard approach procedure exists and the weather report/forecast indicate weather at least:
- within 1 hour +/- of ETA
- 2000’ MSL ceiling
- 3SM visibilibity
What information is required to file an IFR flight plan?
- Aircraft Identification
- Aircraft type
- True Airspeed KIAS
- Departure point
- Proposed Departure time
- Cruising Altitude
- Route of flight
- Destination name
- Estimated time enroute
- Fuel on Board (hours)
- Alternate Airport
- Pilot Name and Address
- Number aboard
- Color of aircraft
What type airspace is depicted in the picture below?
Class B Airspace
Class B is depicted by a solid blue line.
What type airspace is depicted in the picture below?
Class C Airspace.
Class C Airspace is depicted by the solid magenta line.
What type airspace is depicted in the picture below?
Class D.
Class D is represented by the dashed Blue line.
What type airspace is depicted in the picture below?
Class E Airspace.
Class E Airspace is represented by the brushed magenta line.
Class E surface area is represented by the dashed magenta line
On an IFR approach plate, what is the meaning of the symbol below?
A dark triangle with a capital A in the center indicates standard alternate minimums are not applicable to this airport.
You must now look at the alternate minimums page to determine the published alternate minimums.
When the A is accompanied by an N/A, the airport may not be used as an alternate.
On an IFR approach plate, what is the meaning of the T symbol below?
Other than standard IFR take-off miniums are published.
Explain the meaning of the X and altitudes on the approach plate segment shown below.
The “X” or Maltese Cross, marks the Final Approach Fix and the beginning of the final approach course.
The altitudes with the bars shown above and below the number indicate a mandatory altitude which must be flown exactly.
Explain the “V” and lightening bolt symbols in the approach plate segment below.
The V symbol is the Visual Descent Point which is the point from which you could make a normal descent to the runway from the minimum descent altitude.
The lightening bolt symbol is the Glideslope Intercept Altitude which indicates the minimum altitude to intercept the glideslope on a precision approach.
