Fanere Flashcards

1
Q

Care sunt modficarile parului? (cantitative, calitative si de distributie)

A
  • Hipotricoza-rarire de ex in hipotiroidism (scalp) sau in boala Addison (axilar)
  • Alopecia-calvitie/chelire poate fi fiziologica,genetica sau dobandita
  • Hipertricoza-crestere densitate (daca nu respecta limitele - hirsutism)
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2
Q

Cand apare hirsutismul?

A
  • idiopatic postmenopauza
  • secundar in sindromul Cushing
  • tratament cu androgeni
  • steroizi anabolizanti
  • ciclosporina
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3
Q

Ce modificari de culoare sufera unghiile?

A
  • depozite pigmentare punctiforme - melanom subunghial uneori la rasa alba
  • galben - in psoriazis,infectii fungice
  • pete albe - mici traumatisme sau tetanie cronica
  • UNGHIILE LUI TERRY - banda rosie sau bruna distal, alba in 1/3 proximala , apar in ciroza hep, insuf cardiaca, DZ tip2
  • hemoragii subunghiale - in aschie - postraumatic ex endocardita sau trichinoza
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4
Q

Ce modificari de forma si relief gasim la unghii?

A
  • onichogripoza- degetele hipocratice - aspect ori cioc de papagal ori bat de tobosar
  • coilonichia- excavare in lingura ex anemii feriprive,acromegalie,mixedem
  • altele : aspect de degetar in psoriazis, anonichie(lipsa), onichoplazie(incetare dezvoltare), paronichia(inflamatie nesupuratia), onicholiza si onichoptoza (cadere completa) cauze locale infetioase/traumatice
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5
Q

Relatie IMC - status nutritional?

A
sub 18,5 - subponderal - denutritie
18,5-24,9 - normal - acceptabil
25-29,9 - suprapondere
30-34,9 - obezitate - grad 1
35-39,9 - obezitate severa - grad 2
peste 40 - obezitate morbida - grad 3
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6
Q

Ce sunt lipoamele?

A
  • anomalie specifica de distrib a tes adipos
  • tumori benigne
  • circumscrise uneori lobulate
  • de obicei la nivelul trunchiului
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7
Q

Ce este Lipodistrofia progresiva?

A
  • anomalie specifica de distrib a tes adipos
  • rara, grasimea de la fata,gat,brate,gambe redusa, depusa in exces la niv trunchi inferior si coapse
  • se asociaza cu DZ , pacienti cu HIV + retrovirale
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8
Q

Care sunt anomaliile de distributie a tesutului adipos in Sindromul Cushing?

A
  • tinde sa fie distribuit central (gat , trunchi)
  • membre subtiri - hipotrofie musculara
  • facies pletoric, rotund , luna plina
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9
Q

Ce este boala Madelung (lipomatoza simetrica benigna) ?

A
  • depunere tes adipos simetric mai ales cervical - gat gras
  • tip pseudoatletic - tes adipos la niv umerilor, f post trunchi
  • apare frecvent in cadrul alcoolismului cronic, DZ, boli neuroendocrine
  • poate avea agregare familiala
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10
Q

Care sunt cele 3 variante ale defiitului ponderal si care sunt caracteristicile acestora?

A
  • 1) emacierea - tesut adipos disparut - pometi,sp intercost, fose supraclav proeminente/vizibile, abd retractat , mb subtiri
  • 2) casexia - tes adipos disparut + bula Bichat + diminuare musculatura
  • 3)marasmul - stadiu final - 1+2+ tulb metabolice si hidroelectrolitice grave/ireversibile
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11
Q

Care sunt cei 5 factori care guverneaza homeostazia lichidiana?

A
  • presiunea hidrostatica intravasculara
  • permeabilitatea vasculara
  • cleareance-ul limfatic
  • presiunea oncotica
  • presiunea hidrostatica tisulara
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12
Q

Care sunt cauze de hipoproteinemii care duc la edem generalizat?

A
  • aport indecvat/absorbtie deficitara - Kwashiokor, inanitie, pancreatita cronica, boala celiaca, boala Crohn, rezectii int subtir
  • productie deficitara - hepatopatii cronice ( ciroza, insuf hepcel)
  • pierderi excesive - sindrom nefrotic, enteropatii cu pierdere (boala celiaca)
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13
Q

Care sunt cauzele de supraincarcare lichidiana care duc la edem generalizat?

A
  • cardiace - insuf cardiaca –> alterare flux sangvin –> retentie hidrosalina + congestie hepatica (scade sinteza albumine)
  • renale - glomerulonefrita acuta –> creste reabsorbtia Na si H2O si scade diureza
  • iatrogen - rehidratare excesiva (mai ales la insuf renala olig-anurica)
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14
Q

Care sunt cauzele venoase (staza) de edem localizat?

A
  • tromboza venoasa profunda
  • insuf valvulara venoasa (post TVP/ postchir)
  • compresiuni extrinseci (tumori)
  • alterare functie de pompa musculara (imobilizari/pozitie)
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15
Q

Care sunt cauzele limfatice de edem localizat? (piele groasa, rugoasa, fara godeu)

A
  • boala MILROY - hipoplazia congenitala a vaselor limfatice mb inf
  • filarioza - b tropicala - nematode filaria
  • limfangita recurenta (fibroza subsecventa)
  • bratul gros chirurgical dupa mastectomia radicala
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