Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR111 > FandE > Flashcards

FandE Flashcards

2
Q

–Sodium (Na+)–Found in?Normal Levels?Function?

A
  • found in ECF- 135-145mEq/L- Nerve/muscle conduction, and acid-base balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hyponatermia S/S?

A
  • hypothermia (↓ temp)- tachycardia (rapid thready pulse)- Hypotension/Orthostatic Hypotension- Headache, confusion- Lethargy - ↓ Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR)-Seizures-Hyperactive bowel sounds- Muscle Weakness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment for Hyponatermia?

A
  • Follow Facility protocols- Monitor I&O and weigh Pt. daily at same time/clothing/sheets, ect…- Restrict H2O- Hypertonic (IV/Oral)- ↑ Na+ (ECF)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of Hypernatermia?

A
  • ↑ Na+ intake- ↑ Na+ retention- Fluid losses- Age-related changes- ↑ thirst and ↑ ADH production- Renal Failure- Dehydration - Watery diarrhea- Corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypernatermia S/S?

A
  • Hyperthermia- Tachycardia- Orthostatic Hypotension- Restlessness/irritability- ↓ DTR’s →Seizures- Thirst, Dry mucous membranes- ↑ BS- Nausea - Edema- Oliguria (↓ Urine output)- Muscle Twitching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment for Hypernatermia?

A

-Isotonic/Hypotonic (IV/Oral) -Diuretics (Loop)- H2O intake- Oral Hygiene - Monitor I&O/LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

–Potassium (K+)–Where is it Found?Normal Levels?Function?

A
  • ICF- 3.5-5mEq/L- Nerve conduction (Cardiac, lungs, muscle tissue), and acid-base balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes for Hypokalemia?

A
  • ↓ Ka+ intake- Loss GI/Vomit/Diarrhea - Med (Lasix/corticosteroids)-Skin-loss- Nasogastric Suction- Prolonged Hypotonic IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypokalemia S/S?

A

[A SIC WALT]- Alkalosis- Shallow RR- Irritability- Confusion- Weakness/ fatigue- Arrhythmias- Lethargy- Thready Pulse (Bradycardia)- ↓ GI Motility→Nausea, Vomit, Constipation- Hyperthermia- Paresthesia (tingling sensation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of Hypokalemia?

A
  • ↑ K+- Supplement (Food/Oral/IV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causes for Hyperkalemia?

A
  • Excess K+ (IV/Salt Substitute)- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)- Sepsis/trauma/injuries- Renal failure→ ↓K+ excretion- Severe dehydration- Meds (K+sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS)- Adrenal insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hyperkalemia S/S?

A
  • ↓BP- Abd Cramping→ Diarrhea- Muscle twitch/ weakness→ Flaccid paralysis - Irritability/ anxiety- Tall Peaked T-waves (ECG)- Arrhythmia Bradycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treament for Hyperkalemia?

A

[Inverse w/sodium]- Insulin/Kayexalate/Lasix- Dialysis- Sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

–Calcium (Ca+)–Where found?Normal Levels? Function?

A
  • Skeletal system/ Small amounts in ECF- 9-10.5- Cardiovascular/ muscle/ endocrine system, Blood clotting, bone and teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of Hypocalcemia?

A
  • Crohn’s disease- Hypoparathyroidism/ Post-thyroidectomy- Renal failure/end-stage disease- Diarrhea- Wound drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypocalcemia S/S?

A
  • Chovestek’s Sign (tap facial nerve→ twitching)- Trousseau’s Sign (Prolonged cuff inflation→ Hand/finger spasms)- Muscle twitch (Tetany)- Seizure- Hyperactive DTR- Diarrhea/ ↑BS- Abd Cramping- ↓HR & BP- ↑ phosphorus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of Hypocalcemia?

A
  • Oral/IV supplement- Seizure precautions- ER equipment on standby
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia?

A
  • ↑ intake- excess Vit D- Cancer- Thiazid diuretics- Immobility- Hyperparathyroidism- Dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hypercalcemia S/S?

A
  • Renal stone- Muscle weakness- Cardiovascular changes (Life-threatening)- ↓ Phosphorus
21
Q

Treatment of hypercalcemia?

A
  • Supplemental oral/IV/food- Furosemide- Phosphorus - Calcitonin- Dialysis- Monitor for arrhythmias
22
Q

–Magnesium (Mg)–Where Found?Normal Levels?Function?

A
  • Skeletal/ intracellular fluid- 1.3-2.1- Helps transfer Na+ & K+ across cell membrane (ICF)
23
Q

Causes of hypomagnesemia?

A
  • Malnutrition (Crohn’s)- Alcohol- Diarrhea- Celiac disease- Meds (Loop diuretics, Aminoglycoside, amphotericin B, Cyclosporine)- Citrate (Blood products)- Ethanol ingestion
24
Q

Hypomagnesemia S/S?

A

[STARVED]- Seizure- Tetany- Anorexia- Rapid HR- Vomit- Emotional- DTRs ↑- Constipation→ ↓BS/ Abd Distention- Paresthesia

25
Q

Treatment of Hypomagnesemia?

A
  • D/C Loop diuretics- Supplement food/oral/IV (MgSO4)
26
Q

Causes of Hypermagnesemia?

A
  • Excess Mg (Antacid/laxative)- ↑Mg Intake- ↓Renal excretion
27
Q

Hypermagnesemia S/S?

A
  • Drowsiness- ↓HR/ Bradycardia- Danger of cardiac arrest- Depressed CNS→ Coma
28
Q

Treatment of Hypermagnesemia?

A
  • IV (No Mg)- Ca+ (Reverses effect of hyper-Mg)- Lasix
29
Q

–Phosphorus–Where Found?Normal Levels?Function?

A

-ICF & ECF- 2.4-4.4- Acid-base balance, Bone, & all body tissues

30
Q

Causes of Hyperphosphatemia?

A
  • Cancer treatment- Renal insufficiency- Hypoparathyroidism- ↑intake (Diet)
31
Q

Hyperphosphatemia S/S?Treatment?

A

S/S: ↓ Ca+Treatment: Manage Hypocalcemia

32
Q

Causes of hypophosphatemia?

A
  • Malnutrition/starvation- Hyperalimentation- Hyperparathyroidism- RR Alkalosis- Hypercalcemia- Alcohol- Renal failure- Uncontrolled diabetes
33
Q

Hypophosphatemia S/S?Treatment?

A

[Inverse to calcium]S/S: Renal failure, ↑Ca+, & RhabdomyolysisTreatment: Supplement oral/IV, ↑P, ↓Ca+

34
Q

[Bicarbonate]Normal Ranges tor Arterial/Venous?What Regulates it?

A
  • Arterial: 22-26mEq/L- Venous: 24-30mEq/L- Kidneys regulate
35
Q

Causes of Hypovolemia?

A
  • GI Losses- Skin loss (Diaphoresis)- Renal Losses- 3rd spacing- Hemorrhage- Altered intake (NPO)
36
Q

Hypovolemia S/S?

A
  • Hyperthermia- Tachycardia/Thready pulse- Hypotension & Ortho Hypotension- ↑Hct- Oliguria (↓urin output)- Dehydration- ↑Protein, BUN, electrolytes, & glucose
37
Q

Treatment of hypovolemia?

A
  • Check Vitals/ I&O’s (Hypotension/Ortho Hypotension)- Weigh daily (same time/scale)- Replace fluids (isotonics)
38
Q

Causes of hypervolemia?

A
  • Chronic Kidney Stimulus (HF, Cirrhosis, Glucocorticosteroids)- Abnormal Renal function (failure)- Excessive Na+ intake- H2O replacement w/o electrolye replacement
39
Q

Hypervolemia S/S?

A
  • ↑HR, P, BP, & Central venous pressure- Confusion- Muscle weakness- ↑weight/ ascites- Dyspnea/crackles- Edema/ Distended Neck Veins
40
Q

Treatment of Hypervolemia?

A

[Venous pooling]- Elevate extremity- Measure Circumference Daily[Pulmonary congestion]- Elevate HOB- Auscultate lungs[Edematous skin]- Assess frequently- Reduce pressure points- Reposition Q2

41
Q

Normal Saline (0.9%), D5W, & Lactated ringers are examples of what “type” of solution?

A

Isotonic

42
Q

0.25 & 0.45% Saline, & 2.5% Dextrose are considered what “types” of solution?

A

Hypotonic

43
Q

5% dextrose in 0.45% saline, D5NS, & 5% dextrose in lactated ringers are examples of what “type” of solution?

A

Hypertonic

44
Q

[Normal Levels; Blood] Hemoglobin?Hematocrit?RBC?WBC?Neutrophils?Lymphocytes?

A

Hemoglobin: 12-18g/dLHematocrit: 37-52%RBC: 4.2-6.1WBC: 5,000-10,000Neutrophils: 55-70Lymphocytes: 20-40

45
Q

[Normal Levels; Electrolytes]Sodium?Potassium?BUN?Creatinine?Glucose?Chloride?

A

Sodium: 136-145Potassium: 3.5-5BUN: 10-20Creatinine: 0.5-1.2Glucose: 70-110Chloride: 98-106

46
Q

[Normal Levels; ABG’s]pH?Pco2?Po2?HCO3?O2 Sat?

A

pH: 7.35-7.45Pco2: 35-45Po2: 80-100HCO3: 21-28O2 Sat: >95%

NUR111 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions